Question 1

In which of the following decays does the atomic mass number of the daughter nucleus differ from that of the parent nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Answers (a), (b),and (c)are correct. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Answers (a), (b),and (c)are correct. A

Question 2

Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (MeV/nucleon)for tritium, (  
)a radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
Assume:
M p = 1.007 825 u
M n = 1.008 665 u
M t = 3.016 05 u
U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

Accepted Answer

A) 2.8 
B) 3.1 
C) 1.0 
D) 8.5 
E) 2.1 
A) 2.8 
B) 3.1 
C) 1.0 
D) 8.5 
E) 2.1 A

Question 3

The chart below shows part of the radioactive series beginning with the isotope  
)The isotope marked with an X is

Accepted Answer

A)    . 
B)    . 
C)    . 
D)    . 
E)    . 
A)    . 
B)    . 
C)    . 
D)    . 
E)    . B

Question 4

Two nuclei may have equal Z,but different A,because they contain

Accepted Answer

A) equal numbers of protons and neutrons. 
B) equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 
C) different numbers of protons but equal numbers of neutrons. 
D) different numbers of protons and neutrons. 
E) electrons as well as neutrons. 
A) equal numbers of protons and neutrons. 
B) equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 
C) different numbers of protons but equal numbers of neutrons. 
D) different numbers of protons and neutrons. 
E) electrons as well as neutrons.

Question 5

Homer says that we can safely use nuclear power because all radioactive nuclei are gone after two half-lives.Marge says that only the decay rate is zero after two half-lives.Which one,if either,is correct,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Homer,because half of the nuclei disintegrate in each half-life. 
B) Marge,because the number of decays per unit time is halved in each half-life. 
C) Homer,because it's safe to handle radioactive substances after two half-lives. 
D) Both,because when all nuclei disintegrate the decay rate is also zero. 
E) Neither,because one quarter of the nuclei are left after two half-lives. 
A) Homer,because half of the nuclei disintegrate in each half-life. 
B) Marge,because the number of decays per unit time is halved in each half-life. 
C) Homer,because it's safe to handle radioactive substances after two half-lives. 
D) Both,because when all nuclei disintegrate the decay rate is also zero. 
E) Neither,because one quarter of the nuclei are left after two half-lives.

Question 6

Find the ratio of the binding energy per nucleon for helium (  
)to uranium-238 (  
))
Assume:
M p = 1.007 825 u
M n = 1.008 665 u
MHe = 4.002 603 u
MU = 238.050 786 u
U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

Accepted Answer

A) 1.07 
B) 0.934 
C) 63.7 
D) 1.6 × 10−2 
E) 3.24 
A) 1.07 
B) 0.934 
C) 63.7 
D) 1.6 × 10−2 
E) 3.24

Question 7

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following β-decay?

Accepted Answer

A) Z = 6;A = 12 
B) Z = 5;A = 8 
C) Z = 6;A = 11 
D) Z = 8;A = 12 
E) Z = 8;A = 11 
A) Z = 6;A = 12 
B) Z = 5;A = 8 
C) Z = 6;A = 11 
D) Z = 8;A = 12 
E) Z = 8;A = 11

Question 8

For large mass number nuclei which are stable,the ratio of protons to neutrons is

Accepted Answer

A) equal to 1 
B) greater than 1 
C) less than 1 
D) unrelated to the stability of nuclei 
E) almost 2 to 1 
A) equal to 1 
B) greater than 1 
C) less than 1 
D) unrelated to the stability of nuclei 
E) almost 2 to 1

Question 9

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following β-decay?

Accepted Answer

A) Z = 5;A = 14 
B) Z = 4;A = 10 
C) Z = 6;A = 14 
D) Z = 7;A = 14 
E) Z = 7;A = 13 
A) Z = 5;A = 14 
B) Z = 4;A = 10 
C) Z = 6;A = 14 
D) Z = 7;A = 14 
E) Z = 7;A = 13

Question 10

A pure sample of 226Ra contains 2.0 × 1014 atoms of the isotope.If the half-life of 226Ra = 1.6 × 103 years,what is the decay rate of this sample? (1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 decays/s)

Accepted Answer

Question 11

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following gamma decay?

Accepted Answer

A) Z = 5;A = 12 
B) Z = 4;A = 8 
C) Z = 7;A = 12 
D) Z = 6;A = 12 
E) Z = 6;A = 11 
A) Z = 5;A = 12 
B) Z = 4;A = 8 
C) Z = 7;A = 12 
D) Z = 6;A = 12 
E) Z = 6;A = 11

Question 12

Because we know that the half-lives of many radioactive isotopes are millions of years,we can deduce that

Accepted Answer

A) the longer it exists the more radioactive nuclei Earth produces. 
B) the sun is the source of all the radioactive nuclei on Earth. 
C) there must have been many more radioactive nuclei on Earth when life began. 
D) there must have been far fewer radioactive nuclei on Earth before life began. 
E) the natural radioactivity of minerals on the Earth was created by the Earth's internal temperature. 
A) the longer it exists the more radioactive nuclei Earth produces. 
B) the sun is the source of all the radioactive nuclei on Earth. 
C) there must have been many more radioactive nuclei on Earth when life began. 
D) there must have been far fewer radioactive nuclei on Earth before life began. 
E) the natural radioactivity of minerals on the Earth was created by the Earth's internal temperature.

Question 13

The isotope,tritium,has a half-life of 12.3 years.Assume we have 10 kg of the substance.What will be the disintegration constant (in s−1)?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.6 × 10−2 
B) 5.6 × 108 
C) 3.2 × 107 
D) 1.8 × 10−9 
E) 1.6 × 106 
A) 5.6 × 10−2 
B) 5.6 × 108 
C) 3.2 × 107 
D) 1.8 × 10−9 
E) 1.6 × 106

Question 14

In beta decays

Accepted Answer

A) a proton changes to a neutron. 
B) a neutron changes to a proton. 
C) an electron is present in the nucleus before the decay. 
D) (a), (b)or (c)may occur. 
E) only (a)or (b)may occur. 
A) a proton changes to a neutron. 
B) a neutron changes to a proton. 
C) an electron is present in the nucleus before the decay. 
D) (a), (b)or (c)may occur. 
E) only (a)or (b)may occur.

Question 15

Two nuclei which share the same mass number A always are (Hint: Eliminate any wrong answers. )

Accepted Answer

A) stable. 
B) unstable. 
C) isotopes. 
D) isobars. 
E) radioactive. 
A) stable. 
B) unstable. 
C) isotopes. 
D) isobars. 
E) radioactive.

Question 16

Naturally radioactive nuclei can decay spontaneously by emitting the following particles:

Accepted Answer

A) helium nuclei,electrons,photons 
B) electrons,neutrons,protons 
C) helium nuclei,electrons,protons 
D) electrons,neutrons,photons 
E) quarks and leptons 
A) helium nuclei,electrons,photons 
B) electrons,neutrons,protons 
C) helium nuclei,electrons,protons 
D) electrons,neutrons,photons 
E) quarks and leptons

Question 17

Find the binding energy (in MeV)of carbon-12.
Assume:
MC = 12.000 000 u
M p = 1.007 825 u
M n = 1.008 665 u
U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

Accepted Answer

A) 14.8 
B) 0.511 
C) 9.11 
D) 92.3 
E) 46.2 
A) 14.8 
B) 0.511 
C) 9.11 
D) 92.3 
E) 46.2

Question 18

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following alpha decay?

Accepted Answer

A) Z = 92;A = 238 
B) Z = 91;A = 238 
C) Z = 90;A = 234 
D) Z = 93;A = 238 
E) Z = 88;A = 236 
A) Z = 92;A = 238 
B) Z = 91;A = 238 
C) Z = 90;A = 234 
D) Z = 93;A = 238 
E) Z = 88;A = 236

Question 19

A glass container holds equal numbers of atoms of phosphorus 30 with a half-life of 2.5 minutes and of nitrogen 13 with a half-life of 10 minutes.After 20 minutes the ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms remaining to the number of phosphorus atoms remaining is

Accepted Answer

A)    . 
B)    . 
C)    . 
D) 64. 
E) 256. 
A)    . 
B)    . 
C)    . 
D) 64. 
E) 256.

Question 20

The ratio of the radius of a classical electron (re = kee2/mec2 = 2.8 × 10−15 m)to the radius of a 4He nucleus (r = r0A1/3)is

Accepted Answer

A) 2.0 
B) 0.68 
C) 1.5 
D) 0.92 
E) 2.4 
A) 2.0 
B) 0.68 
C) 1.5 
D) 0.92 
E) 2.4

Exam 44: Nuclear Structure

In which of the following decays does the atomic mass number of the daughter nucleus differ from that of the parent nucleus?

Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (MeV/nucleon)for tritium, ( )a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Assume: M p = 1.007 825 u M n = 1.008 665 u M t = 3.016 05 u U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

The chart below shows part of the radioactive series beginning with the isotope )The isotope marked with an X is

Two nuclei may have equal Z,but different A,because they contain

Homer says that we can safely use nuclear power because all radioactive nuclei are gone after two half-lives.Marge says that only the decay rate is zero after two half-lives.Which one,if either,is correct,and why?

Find the ratio of the binding energy per nucleon for helium ( )to uranium-238 ( )) Assume: M p = 1.007 825 u M n = 1.008 665 u MHe = 4.002 603 u MU = 238.050 786 u U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following β-decay?

For large mass number nuclei which are stable,the ratio of protons to neutrons is

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following β-decay?

A pure sample of 226Ra contains 2.0 × 1014 atoms of the isotope.If the half-life of 226Ra = 1.6 × 103 years,what is the decay rate of this sample? (1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 decays/s)

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following gamma decay?

Because we know that the half-lives of many radioactive isotopes are millions of years,we can deduce that

The isotope,tritium,has a half-life of 12.3 years.Assume we have 10 kg of the substance.What will be the disintegration constant (in s−1)?

In beta decays

Two nuclei which share the same mass number A always are (Hint: Eliminate any wrong answers. )

Naturally radioactive nuclei can decay spontaneously by emitting the following particles:

Find the binding energy (in MeV)of carbon-12. Assume: MC = 12.000 000 u M p = 1.007 825 u M n = 1.008 665 u U = 1.66 × 10−27 kg

What value of Z (atomic number)and A (mass number)result in the following alpha decay?

A glass container holds equal numbers of atoms of phosphorus 30 with a half-life of 2.5 minutes and of nitrogen 13 with a half-life of 10 minutes.After 20 minutes the ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms remaining to the number of phosphorus atoms remaining is

The ratio of the radius of a classical electron (re = kee2/mec2 = 2.8 × 10−15 m)to the radius of a 4He nucleus (r = r0A1/3)is

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Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (MeV/nucleon)for tritium, ( )a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Assume: M _p = 1.007 825 u M _n = 1.008 665 u M _t = 3.016 05 u U = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg

Find the ratio of the binding energy per nucleon for helium ( )to uranium-238 ( )) Assume: M _p = 1.007 825 u M _n = 1.008 665 u M_He = 4.002 603 u M_U = 238.050 786 u U = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg

A pure sample of ²²⁶Ra contains 2.0 × 10¹⁴ atoms of the isotope.If the half-life of ²²⁶Ra = 1.6 × 10³ years,what is the decay rate of this sample? (1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays/s)

The isotope,tritium,has a half-life of 12.3 years.Assume we have 10 kg of the substance.What will be the disintegration constant (in s−¹)?

Find the binding energy (in MeV)of carbon-12. Assume: M_C = 12.000 000 u M _p = 1.007 825 u M _n = 1.008 665 u U = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg

The ratio of the radius of a classical electron (r_e = k_ee²/m_ec² = 2.8 × 10−¹⁵ m)to the radius of a ⁴He nucleus (r = r₀A^1/3)is