Question 1

Glomerular filtration occurs primarily by active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

About _________% of the filtered urea is reabsorbed as compared to __________ % of glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _________% of the filtered urea is...

Question 3

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic.
-efferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here. 
A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Question 4

Filtrate passes through all of these except

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capillary pores. 
B)  basement membrane. 
C)  podocytes. 
D)  filtration slits. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  glomerular capillary pores. 
B)  basement membrane. 
C)  podocytes. 
D)  filtration slits. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 5

Tubular secretion is important

Accepted Answer

A)  in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C)  in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C)  in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 6

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption.
-Represents 67% of Na+ reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 7

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic.
-tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here. 
A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Question 8

The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two regions of the kidney are...

Question 9

____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset...

Question 10

The peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  supply nutrients and O2 to the tubular cells. 
B)  take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules. 
C)  supply substances that are secreted by the tubules. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers. 
A)  supply nutrients and O2 to the tubular cells. 
B)  take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules. 
C)  supply substances that are secreted by the tubules. 
D)  all of these answers. 
E)  none of these answers.

Question 11

Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mosm/liter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mosm/liter....

Question 12

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

Accepted Answer

A)  normally about 20 to 25% of the total cardiac output. 
B)  all filtered through the glomeruli. 
C)  all used to supply the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  normally about 20 to 25% of the total cardiac output. 
B)  all filtered through the glomeruli. 
C)  all used to supply the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 13

MATCHING: ART
   
The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below.
-interstitial fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5 
A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5

Question 14

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic.
-urethra

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here. 
A) Collecting tubules empty into this structure. 
B) Stores the urine. 
C) Passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen. 
D) When dilated leads to an increase in GFR. 
E) Tuft of capillaries found in close approximation to the Bowman's capsule.
F)Function of the glomerulus.
G)Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis.
H)Collects the glomerular filtrate.
I)Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries.
J)Functional unit of the kidney.
K)Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients.
L)Carries blood from glomerulus into peritubular capillaries.
M)Tube through which urine leaves the body.
N)Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control.
O)Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
P)Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram of the steps of the activation and function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Six of the molecules/actions have been removed and replaced with letters A-F. Match the letter with list of missing terms below to complete the diagram.
-angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
The following questions refer to...

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule. 
E)  water reabsorption is passive in the early portions of the nephron but is active in the distal portions of the nephron. 
A)  water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron. 
B)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water. 
C)  vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule. 
E)  water reabsorption is passive in the early portions of the nephron but is active in the distal portions of the nephron.

Question 17

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code:
-The distal and collecting tubules in the absence of vasopressin are ______ to H2O.

Accepted Answer

A) permeable 
B) impermeable 
A) permeable 
B) impermeable

Question 18

Which of the following is not found in the filtrate at the end of the proximal tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  glucose 
C)  urea 
D)  salts 
E)  all of the above are found 
A)  water 
B)  glucose 
C)  urea 
D)  salts 
E)  all of the above are found

Question 19

Water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin. 
B)  occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  is under vasopressin control in the proximal tubule. 
D)  is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules. 
E)  both (b) and (d) above. 
A)  cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin. 
B)  occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  is under vasopressin control in the proximal tubule. 
D)  is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules. 
E)  both (b) and (d) above.

Question 20

Which of the following stimulates aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in plasma K+. 
B)  a decrease in plasma K+. 
C)  activation of the renin-angiotensin pathway. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above. 
A)  an increase in plasma K+. 
B)  a decrease in plasma K+. 
C)  activation of the renin-angiotensin pathway. 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above.

Glomerular filtration occurs primarily by active transport.

About _% of the filtered urea is reabsorbed as compared to __ % of glucose.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -efferent arteriole

Filtrate passes through all of these except

Tubular secretion is important

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 67% of Na⁺ reabsorbed.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -tubular reabsorption

The two regions of the kidney are an outer and an inner .

renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

The peritubular capillaries.

Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mosm/liter.

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

MATCHING: ART The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below. -interstitial fluid

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urethra

Which of the following statements concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the absence of vasopressin are ______ to H₂O.

Which of the following is not found in the filtrate at the end of the proximal tubules

Water reabsorption

Which of the following stimulates aldosterone secretion?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Glomerular filtration occurs primarily by active transport.

About _________% of the filtered urea is reabsorbed as compared to __________ % of glucose.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -efferent arteriole

Filtrate passes through all of these except

Tubular secretion is important

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 67% of Na+ reabsorbed.

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -tubular reabsorption

The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

The peritubular capillaries.

Body fluids are ____________________ at 300 mosm/liter.

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

MATCHING: ART The accompanying figure relates to the steps of transepithelial transport. The barriers a substance must cross are labeled in the diagram 1-5. Match the sequence of barriers crossed with the descriptions using the key below. -interstitial fluid

Match renal structure or activity with correct characteristic. -urethra

Which of the following statements concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the absence of vasopressin are ______ to H2O.

Which of the following is not found in the filtrate at the end of the proximal tubules

Water reabsorption

Which of the following stimulates aldosterone secretion?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

About _% of the filtered urea is reabsorbed as compared to __ % of glucose.

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. -Represents 67% of Na⁺ reabsorbed.

The two regions of the kidney are an outer and an inner .

renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code: -The distal and collecting tubules in the absence of vasopressin are ______ to H₂O.