Question 1

Drinking a large amount of water over a short period of time would cause an increase in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  renin. 
B)  vasopressin. 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  renin. 
B)  vasopressin. 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  none of the above

Question 2

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Is a potent constrictor of arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 3

Which statement regarding sodium reabsorption is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  it plays a role in glucose, amino acid, and urea reabsorption in the proximal tubule. 
B)  it is under hormonal control in the distal tubule. 
C)  in the loop of Henle, it contributes to the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  approximately 0.5% of sodium is reabsorbed on a daily basis. 
E)  aldosterone is a key hormone involved in facultative reabsorption. 
A)  it plays a role in glucose, amino acid, and urea reabsorption in the proximal tubule. 
B)  it is under hormonal control in the distal tubule. 
C)  in the loop of Henle, it contributes to the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  approximately 0.5% of sodium is reabsorbed on a daily basis. 
E)  aldosterone is a key hormone involved in facultative reabsorption.

Question 4

When blood volume becomes abnormally low all of the following occur except:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium reabsorption is increased 
B)  concentrated urine is formed 
C)  renin release is increased 
D)  aldosterone is secreted by the kidney. 
E)  vasopressin levels rise 
A)  sodium reabsorption is increased 
B)  concentrated urine is formed 
C)  renin release is increased 
D)  aldosterone is secreted by the kidney. 
E)  vasopressin levels rise

Question 5

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which of the following compensatory changes in renal function occur as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above. 
A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  both (a) and (c) above. 
E)  both (b) and (c) above.

Question 6

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 
1.	descending limb of loop of Henle
2.	Bowman's capsule
3.	collecting tubule
4.	ascending limb of loop of Henle
5.	distal tubule
6.	proximal tubule
Indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures:

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 
B)  2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3 
C)  2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4 
D)  3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5 
E)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 
A)  4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 
B)  2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3 
C)  2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4 
D)  3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5 
E)  2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6

Question 7

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma K+ concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 9

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics
-receives fluid from glomerulus

Accepted Answer

A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct 
A) afferent arteriole 
B) glomerulus 
C) efferent arteriole 
D) Bowman's capsule 
E) proximal tubule
F)descending limb of loop of Henle
G)ascending limb of loop of Henle
H)distal tubule
I)collecting duct

Question 10

Bladder muscle is able to stretch tremendously without a build up in bladder wall tension

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following does not occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  the motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B)  the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter mechanically opens due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D)  the external urethral sphincter is relaxed. 
E)  the bladder contracts. 
A)  the motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B)  the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter mechanically opens due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D)  the external urethral sphincter is relaxed. 
E)  the bladder contracts.

Question 12

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na+.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  the vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent exchange. 
C)  the countercurrent system establishes and maintains a medullary vertical osmotic gradient ranging from 300 to 1,200 mosm/liter. 
D)  the collecting tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons but not the cortical nephrons descend through the medullary vertical osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis. 
E)  the medullary vertical osmotic gradient permits excretion of urine of differing concentrations by means of vasopressin-controlled, variable H2O reabsorption from the final tubular segments. 
A)  the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication. 
B)  the vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent exchange. 
C)  the countercurrent system establishes and maintains a medullary vertical osmotic gradient ranging from 300 to 1,200 mosm/liter. 
D)  the collecting tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons but not the cortical nephrons descend through the medullary vertical osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis. 
E)  the medullary vertical osmotic gradient permits excretion of urine of differing concentrations by means of vasopressin-controlled, variable H2O reabsorption from the final tubular segments.

Question 14

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased K+ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 15

When the bladder wall is distended as a result of urine accumulation, the stretch receptors are stimulated and send afferent impulses to the spinal cord that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate parasympathetic nerves, which return to the bladder and cause it to contract. 
B)  inhibit the motor neurons that normally keep the external urethral sphincter closed. 
C)  stimulate nerves that go to the kidney and prevent glomerular filtration until the bladder is empty. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  stimulate parasympathetic nerves, which return to the bladder and cause it to contract. 
B)  inhibit the motor neurons that normally keep the external urethral sphincter closed. 
C)  stimulate nerves that go to the kidney and prevent glomerular filtration until the bladder is empty. 
D)  both (a) and (b) above. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 16

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic.
-a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose

Question 17

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma proteins. 
B)  urea. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  PO4. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  plasma proteins. 
B)  urea. 
C)  glucose. 
D)  PO4. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 18

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Decreased Na+ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 19

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms...

Question 20

Bladder contractions are stimulated by ____________________ fibers that stimulate contractions by releasing ____________.

Accepted Answer

parasympat

Drinking a large amount of water over a short period of time would cause an increase in which of the following?

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is a potent constrictor of arterioles.

Which statement regarding sodium reabsorption is not accurate?

When blood volume becomes abnormally low all of the following occur except:

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which of the following compensatory changes in renal function occur as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2. Bowman's capsule 3. collecting tubule 4. ascending limb of loop of Henle 5. distal tubule 6. proximal tubule Indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures:

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma K⁺ concentration.

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -receives fluid from glomerulus

Bladder muscle is able to stretch tremendously without a build up in bladder wall tension

Which of the following does not occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Which of the following statements concerning the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.

When the bladder wall is distended as a result of urine accumulation, the stretch receptors are stimulated and send afferent impulses to the spinal cord that

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

Bladder contractions are stimulated by ________ fibers that stimulate contractions by releasing .

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Drinking a large amount of water over a short period of time would cause an increase in which of the following?

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Is a potent constrictor of arterioles.

Which statement regarding sodium reabsorption is not accurate?

When blood volume becomes abnormally low all of the following occur except:

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which of the following compensatory changes in renal function occur as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2. Bowman's capsule 3. collecting tubule 4. ascending limb of loop of Henle 5. distal tubule 6. proximal tubule Indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures:

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma K+ concentration.

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -receives fluid from glomerulus

Bladder muscle is able to stretch tremendously without a build up in bladder wall tension

Which of the following does not occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na+.

Which of the following statements concerning the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K+ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.

When the bladder wall is distended as a result of urine accumulation, the stretch receptors are stimulated and send afferent impulses to the spinal cord that

Match urinary system feature with correct characteristic. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na+ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

Bladder contractions are stimulated by ____________________ fibers that stimulate contractions by releasing ____________.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -Its secretion is directly stimulated by a low plasma K⁺ concentration.

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ aldosterone secretion.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Bladder contractions are stimulated by ________ fibers that stimulate contractions by releasing .