Question 1

Give the products of the following reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give the products of the following reaction....

Question 2

Rank the following alkyl chlorides in increasing order of reactivity in aqueous ethanol,and explain why one of the compounds is 70,000 times more reactive than the other two.

Accepted Answer

B < A < C.C is the most reactive since t

Question 3

An enzyme can stabilize a transition state and intermediates in its active site through

Accepted Answer

A) van der Waals interactions. 
B) electrostatic interactions. 
C) hydrogen bonding. 
D) A,B,and C. 
E) none of the above. 
A) van der Waals interactions. 
B) electrostatic interactions. 
C) hydrogen bonding. 
D) A,B,and C. 
E) none of the above.

Question 4

After lysozyme binds its substrate,the enzyme undergoes a conformational change that distorts residue D in the substrate.Which of the following best describes this distortion?

Accepted Answer

A) from a chair to a half-chair conformation 
B) from a half-chair to a chair conformation 
C) from a chair to a boat conformation 
D) from a boat to a chair conformation 
E) from a boat to a half-chair conformation 
A) from a chair to a half-chair conformation 
B) from a half-chair to a chair conformation 
C) from a chair to a boat conformation 
D) from a boat to a chair conformation 
E) from a boat to a half-chair conformation

Question 5

What are NAM and NAG and what do they do?

Accepted Answer

NAM is N-acetylmuramic acid an

Question 6

Which ester below hydrolyzes more readily and why?

Accepted Answer

The presence of the ortho carb

Question 7

How does a metal catalyst increase the rate of reaction?

Accepted Answer

The metal ions coord

Question 8

The specificity of an enzyme for its substrate is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) molecular recognition 
B) the anomeric effect 
C) specific-acid catalysis 
D) general-acid catalysis 
E) a pericyclic reaction 
A) molecular recognition 
B) the anomeric effect 
C) specific-acid catalysis 
D) general-acid catalysis 
E) a pericyclic reaction

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes what lysozyme is?

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme that destroys the cell walls of bacteria 
B) an enzyme that repairs the cell walls of bacteria 
C) an enzyme that hydrolyzes the NAM-NAG bond 
D) A and C 
E) B and C 
A) an enzyme that destroys the cell walls of bacteria 
B) an enzyme that repairs the cell walls of bacteria 
C) an enzyme that hydrolyzes the NAM-NAG bond 
D) A and C 
E) B and C

Question 10

In glycolysis which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into 2 three-carbon compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) aldolase 
B) glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 
C) fructoprotease 
D) peroxidase 
E) phosphofructokinase 
A) aldolase 
B) glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 
C) fructoprotease 
D) peroxidase 
E) phosphofructokinase

Question 11

Explain what is meant by the induced fit model.Give an example.

Accepted Answer

Binding energy from the substr

Question 12

Which amino acid component of an enzyme has a chain that can form an imine with the substrate?

Accepted Answer

A) lysine 
B) methionine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) serine 
E) aspartic acid 
A) lysine 
B) methionine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) serine 
E) aspartic acid

Question 13

Which amino acid component is most likely to serve as a proton donor in an enzyme's active site?

Accepted Answer

A) methionine 
B) glutamic acid 
C) valine 
D) phenylalanine 
E) pyroline 
A) methionine 
B) glutamic acid 
C) valine 
D) phenylalanine 
E) pyroline

Question 14

Which of the following is true of globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) They may be proteins with predominantly quaternary structure. 
B) They may be circular strands of short peptides. 
C) They may be three-dimensional chains of short peptides. 
D) They may be enzymes that catalyze biological reactions. 
E) They may be large strands of proteins and amylopectins. 
A) They may be proteins with predominantly quaternary structure. 
B) They may be circular strands of short peptides. 
C) They may be three-dimensional chains of short peptides. 
D) They may be enzymes that catalyze biological reactions. 
E) They may be large strands of proteins and amylopectins.

Question 15

Which of the following is/are true about base-catalysts?

Accepted Answer

A) They increase the rate of a reaction by removing a proton from a reactant. 
B) They increase the rate of a reaction by providing a pathway with a more stable transition state. 
C) They facilitate the formation of a negatively charged tetrahedral intermediate. 
D) A and B only 
E) A,B,and C 
A) They increase the rate of a reaction by removing a proton from a reactant. 
B) They increase the rate of a reaction by providing a pathway with a more stable transition state. 
C) They facilitate the formation of a negatively charged tetrahedral intermediate. 
D) A and B only 
E) A,B,and C

Question 16

The enzyme lysozyme exhibits greatest activity in solutions where the pH is maintained between 3.8 and 6.7.Which of the following conclusions about the Asp 52 and Glu 35 residues in the enzyme's active site can be reached?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their acidic forms. 
B) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their basic forms. 
C) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their neutral forms. 
D) Lysozyme is maximally active when Asp 52 is in its acidic form and Glu 35 is in its basic form. 
E) Lysozyme is maximally active when Asp 52 is in its basic form and Glu 35 is in its acidic form. 
A) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their acidic forms. 
B) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their basic forms. 
C) Lysozyme is maximally active when both Asp 52 and Glu 35 are in their neutral forms. 
D) Lysozyme is maximally active when Asp 52 is in its acidic form and Glu 35 is in its basic form. 
E) Lysozyme is maximally active when Asp 52 is in its basic form and Glu 35 is in its acidic form.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true about the enzyme carboxypeptidase A?

Accepted Answer

A) Arg 145 and Tyr 248 are involved in the catalytic process of the enzyme. 
B) The metal ion in carboxypeptidase A is partially liganded to the oxygen of the carbonyl group that will be hydrolyzed. 
C) Carboxypeptidase A catalyzes the hydrolysis of the C-terminal peptide bond in proteins. 
D) Carboxypeptidase A is a metalloenzyme. 
E) The metal ion in carboxypeptidase is a Cu+2. 
A) Arg 145 and Tyr 248 are involved in the catalytic process of the enzyme. 
B) The metal ion in carboxypeptidase A is partially liganded to the oxygen of the carbonyl group that will be hydrolyzed. 
C) Carboxypeptidase A catalyzes the hydrolysis of the C-terminal peptide bond in proteins. 
D) Carboxypeptidase A is a metalloenzyme. 
E) The metal ion in carboxypeptidase is a Cu+2.

Question 18

Metal ions are

Accepted Answer

A) Lewis acids. 
B) Lewis bases. 
C) Bronsted acids. 
D) Bronsted bases. 
E) none of the above. 
A) Lewis acids. 
B) Lewis bases. 
C) Bronsted acids. 
D) Bronsted bases. 
E) none of the above.

Question 19

What does the model termed "lock-and-key" stand for?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrogen bonds in the α-helix fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
B) The amino acids in a peptide chain fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
C) The substrate fits the active site of the enzyme like a key fits a lock. 
D) The nonpolar sites of proteins fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
E) The N-terminal and the C-terminal ends of a protein fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
A) The hydrogen bonds in the α-helix fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
B) The amino acids in a peptide chain fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
C) The substrate fits the active site of the enzyme like a key fits a lock. 
D) The nonpolar sites of proteins fit each other like a key fits a lock. 
E) The N-terminal and the C-terminal ends of a protein fit each other like a key fits a lock.

Question 20

Which of the following can be used as a nucleophilic catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A) iodide 
B) imidazole 
C) ZnCl2 
D) water 
E) A and B 
A) iodide 
B) imidazole 
C) ZnCl2 
D) water 
E) A and B

Exam 22: Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions

Give the products of the following reaction.

Rank the following alkyl chlorides in increasing order of reactivity in aqueous ethanol,and explain why one of the compounds is 70,000 times more reactive than the other two.

An enzyme can stabilize a transition state and intermediates in its active site through

After lysozyme binds its substrate,the enzyme undergoes a conformational change that distorts residue D in the substrate.Which of the following best describes this distortion?

What are NAM and NAG and what do they do?

Which ester below hydrolyzes more readily and why?

How does a metal catalyst increase the rate of reaction?

The specificity of an enzyme for its substrate is an example of

Which of the following statements best describes what lysozyme is?

In glycolysis which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into 2 three-carbon compounds?

Explain what is meant by the induced fit model.Give an example.

Which amino acid component of an enzyme has a chain that can form an imine with the substrate?

Which amino acid component is most likely to serve as a proton donor in an enzyme's active site?

Which of the following is true of globular proteins?

Which of the following is/are true about base-catalysts?

The enzyme lysozyme exhibits greatest activity in solutions where the pH is maintained between 3.8 and 6.7.Which of the following conclusions about the Asp 52 and Glu 35 residues in the enzyme's active site can be reached?

Which of the following is not true about the enzyme carboxypeptidase A?

Metal ions are

What does the model termed "lock-and-key" stand for?

Which of the following can be used as a nucleophilic catalyst?

Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding

Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, physical Properties, and Structure

Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

Alkenes: Structure,nomenclature,and an Introduction to Reactivity - Thermodynamics and Kinetics

The Reactions of Alkenes - the Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions

The Reactions of Alkynes - Introduction to Multistep Synthesis

Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pka, and the Products of a Reaction - Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: an Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene

Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides

Reactions of Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amines and Sulfur-Containing Compounds

Organometallic Compounds

Radicals

Mass Spectrometry,infrared Spectroscopy,and Uvvis Spectroscopy

Nmr Spectroscopy

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions at the Α-Carbon

Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes

More About Amines - Reactions of Heterocylic Compounds

The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Amino Acids,peptides,and Proteins

The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, compounds Derived From Vitamins

The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways

The Organic Chemistry of Lipids

The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids

Synthetic Polymers

Pericyclic Reactions

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