Exam 2: Science Literacy and the Process of Science- Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between ozone in the stratosphere and the presence of CFCs?

The health and lifestyle of 10,000 nurses are tracked for a period of 30 years. It is discovered that of the nurses who smoked cigarettes for at least 10 years, 35% had lung cancer. Is this an observational or an experimental study? Does this study demonstrate that cigarettes cause lung cancer?

Which form of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is important in the formation of ozone?

In this chapter it has been made clear that the process used to obtain a body of knowledge (facts and explanations) is more important than the body of knowledge itself. Why is this?

What criteria must be met for a hypothesis to be valid?

The precautionary principle states that:

What is the chemical formula for ozone?

2.4. -Refer to Infographic 2.4. Explain why in science absolute proof is not required.

Explain how the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere is allowing more UV-B radiation to reach the Earth's surface.

Susan Solomon used an observational study because:

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific process in the correct order?

Infographic 2.6. -Refer to Infographic 2.6. Which study depicted in the infographic provides stronger support for the stated hypothesis? Briefly explain why.

What kind of study, observational or experimental, was Susan Solomon's experiment that provided support for her hypothesis that CFCs were leading to depletion of ozone in the stratosphere?

How does a peer-reviewed article compare to an Internet blog?

Describe the significance of the Montréal Protocol.

Is the following a valid hypothesis? Cancer patients who are prayed for will have better outcomes compared with patients with similar prognoses (likely outcomes) who are not prayed for.

Scientists use the scientific method to investigate the natural world. The scientific method is based on gathering empirical evidence. What is empirical evidence, and why are empirical data a hallmark of good science?

Which of the following statements is NOT falsifiable?

Infographic 2.6. -Refer to Infographic 2.6. In Menzies et al., what is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? List as many qualities as possible that should be the same between mice in the two groups (control and test groups). Ideally, what should be the only difference between the two groups of mice?

Which type of experiment collects data in the real world, without manipulating the subject of study?