Exam 2: Science Literacy and the Process of Science- Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone

What is a correlation, and how does it differ from a cause-and-effect relationship? Give an example of each and note what type of study can provide that information.

Infographic 2.5. -Refer to Infographic 2.5. What happens to the chlorine atom liberated from chlorine monoxide in the second portion of this figure?

Which of the following provided support for Solomon's hypothesis that CFCs were contributing to ozone depletion?

In an experiment examining the level of UV-B radiation on the incidence of skin cancer, the level of UV-B radiation would be the _____________.

Why can scientific opinions change over time?

An ongoing process that allows for altering policy strategies as new information is discovered or the situation itself changes is an example of __________.

Prior to Susan Solomon's experiments, the information available to NASA ozone-modeler Paul Newman led him to believe that the loss of ozone in the Antarctic spring was due to excess solar activity. What was the new information that Solomon discovered that led Newman to reject his hypothesis in favor of her polar cloud hypothesis? Is it possible that Solomon's hypothesis could be rejected in the future?

Explain the function of a control group in an experimental study.

Where in the atmosphere is ozone found?

Infographic 2.6. -Refer to Infographic 2.6. Design an experimental study to test the hypothesis that lower ozone levels will lead to more cases of skin cancer in humans. Why is it unlikely that this experiment will be carried out? Why did Menzies et al. select rats as test subjects?

Scientists have concluded that increasing levels of _________ were causing the depletion of the ozone layer.

In an experimental study, what is TRUE about the dependent variable?

Which is TRUE regarding the following statements? (1) "Higher levels of greenhouse gases cause increased warming of the troposphere." (2) "People who are good go to heaven when they die."

Suppose you were part of the team of Finnish researchers studying the effects of increased UV-B radiation. Design a simple observational experiment that could lead to data that support or refute your hypothesis.

How can the Montréal Protocol be viewed as a model for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and avoiding a global catastrophe due to the recent changes in global climate attributed to human activities such as fossil fuel combustion?

The ozone layer is located in the ___________.

What's the difference between "good" and "bad" ozone?

When it rains, you often notice people outside holding open umbrellas. You hypothesize that opening an umbrella causes rain to fall. What type of experiment can be used to test this? Explain what is meant by the phrase "correlation is not causation."

When data are shown in a graph, the independent variable should be plotted on the _______.

A(n) ______ is a hypothesis that has been widely accepted and extensively and rigorously tested.