Exam 2: Science Literacy and the Process of Science- Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone

Explain what the precautionary principle is and how it was applied during the formation of the Montréal Protocol?

A(n) _____ is a possible explanation for what is observed that is based on some previous knowledge.

Cell theory states that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding this theory?

Studying the effects of CFCs on ozone in the atmosphere is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following statements about the Montréal Protocol is TRUE?

Why is the term "ozone hole" misleading?

Why should we care about ozone?

In the following example, what is the independent variable? Hypothesis: Mice on a restricted low-caloric diet will live longer than mice that can eat as much as they want. Experiment: A large population of genetically identical mice is divided into two groups. Half receive as much food as they care to eat each day. The other half receives 20% less food than a typical mouse eats each day. The day of death (lifespan) is recorded for all mice. All mice live in the same room, in the same type of cage, with access to water.

Scientists generally require a level of certainty of at least ______ to be sure their conclusions are correct.

Is the following a valid hypothesis? Natural disasters around the world are a result of a supernatural deity punishing humanity for our actions.

Which type of study is appropriate for demonstrating the cause-and-effect relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

The group in an experimental study that is manipulated such that it differs from the control group in only one way is the _________.

The observation of a decrease in stratospheric ozone didn't come from just a few readings. Explain the importance of replication within a study.

In an experimental study, what is TRUE about the independent variable?

The multiple lines of evidence in support of the "CFC hypothesis" have elevated it to the status of __________.

Which form of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer? What are the effects of this form of UV radiation on living things?

Infographic 2.5. -Refer to Infographic 2.5. Explain chemically how CFCs in the stratosphere are damaging the ozone layer.

Infographic 2.6. -Refer to Infographic 2.6. Taken together, do these two studies prove that lower ozone levels directly cause skin cancer in humans? Why or why not?

Infographic 2.1. -Refer to Infographic 2.1. Why is it that the least energetic form of ultraviolet light, UV-A, causes sunburns and skin damage but the most energetic form, UV-C, is of no concern whatsoever?

In terms of manipulating variables, what is the difference between an observational study and an experimental study? Which type of study can test cause-and-effect relationships?