Question 1

Compare the methods used to cleave the O-linked and N-linked glycans from glycoproteins.

Accepted Answer

N-linked glycans are enzymatically cleav

Question 2

Type O blood is sometime referred to as a universal donor.Explain what this means.

Accepted Answer

Type O individuals can donate

Question 3

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because

Accepted Answer

A)  humans do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds. 
B)  they bind to bifidobacteria in the gut. 
C)  they function as soluble decoys that inhibit pathogenic bacteria from invading the epithelial cells. 
D)  humans have a large number of competing glycan binding sites. 
A)  humans do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds. 
B)  they bind to bifidobacteria in the gut. 
C)  they function as soluble decoys that inhibit pathogenic bacteria from invading the epithelial cells. 
D)  humans have a large number of competing glycan binding sites.

Question 4

Arrays made with chemically synthesized glycans are used to investigate glycan-binding properties

Accepted Answer

A)  of different arrangements of sugar groups using HPLC. 
B)  by comparing the mass-to-charge ratio of the fragments with known glycan groups. 
C)  of different types of pathogenic bacteria using HPLC. 
D)  by comparing the affinity of lectins with structurally related glycan groups. 
A)  of different arrangements of sugar groups using HPLC. 
B)  by comparing the mass-to-charge ratio of the fragments with known glycan groups. 
C)  of different types of pathogenic bacteria using HPLC. 
D)  by comparing the affinity of lectins with structurally related glycan groups.

Question 5

Explain how sucrose is related to raffinose,stachyose,and verbascose.

Accepted Answer

The raffinose-series oligosacc

Question 6

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains glycolipids called

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose. 
B)  lipopolysaccharides. 
C)  lipoteichoic acid. 
D)  hyaluronic acid. 
A)  cellulose. 
B)  lipopolysaccharides. 
C)  lipoteichoic acid. 
D)  hyaluronic acid.

Question 7

The glycan group on glycoproteins and glycolipids on the red blood cells all contain the glycan subgroup(s)

Accepted Answer

A)  O. 
B)  Gal. 
C)  GalNAc. 
D)  Gal and GalNAc. 
A)  O. 
B)  Gal. 
C)  GalNAc. 
D)  Gal and GalNAc.

Question 8

Compare the mechanisms of resistance that bacteria have developed with penicillin and methicillin.

Accepted Answer

Penicillin-resistant bacteria express th

Question 9

If one homozygous parent expresses the GTA glycosyltransferase and the other homozygous parent expresses the GTP glycosyltransferase,what is the probability of a child with a blood type of O?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  75% 
D)  100% 
A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  75% 
D)  100%

Question 10

A father's blood type is B and a mother's blood type is O.Is it possible for their baby to be born with type A blood? If so,how?

Accepted Answer

This is not possible.Blood type inherita

Question 11

Explain the difference between simple sugars,polysaccharides,and glycoconjugates.

Accepted Answer

Simple sugars are the building blocks of

Question 12

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  oligosaccharides 
D)  polysaccharides 
A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  oligosaccharides 
D)  polysaccharides

Question 13

The growth rate of nonruminating animals often decreases when they eat feed containing __________ because of the inability to digest it.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  starch 
D)  raffinose 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  starch 
D)  raffinose

Question 14

What method is used to release the N-linked glycan groups from the membrane-associated glycoconjugates shown in 1 in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymatic cleavage using PNGaseF 
B)  chemical cleavage using a  -elimination reaction 
C)  chemical cleavage using a Schiff base intermediate 
D)  enzymatic cleavage using  -galactosidase 
A)  enzymatic cleavage using PNGaseF 
B)  chemical cleavage using a  -elimination reaction 
C)  chemical cleavage using a Schiff base intermediate 
D)  enzymatic cleavage using  -galactosidase

Question 15

Which functional group on penicillin forms a complex with transpeptidase of the bacterial wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfide 
B)  amine 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  carbonyl 
A)  sulfide 
B)  amine 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  carbonyl

Question 16

Differentiate Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker pe

Question 17

The glycosaminoglycan __________ sulfate is responsible for providing structural support in the cornea of the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroitin 
B)  keratan 
C)  heparan 
D)  chitin 
A)  chondroitin 
B)  keratan 
C)  heparan 
D)  chitin

Question 18

How is penicillin inactivated by penicillin-resistant bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transpeptidase binds to methicillin. 
B)  The carbonyl carbon of the  -lactam ring binds to transpeptidase. 
C)  The  -lactam ring in penicillin is hydrolyzed. 
D)  The serine in transpeptidase binds to penicillin. 
A)  Transpeptidase binds to methicillin. 
B)  The carbonyl carbon of the  -lactam ring binds to transpeptidase. 
C)  The  -lactam ring in penicillin is hydrolyzed. 
D)  The serine in transpeptidase binds to penicillin.

Question 19

Approximately 11 different monosaccharides are used as building blocks of glycan groups in glycoconjugates.However,a predictive sugar code has been difficult to identify.Propose three reasons for this difficulty.

Accepted Answer

Unlike other biological molecules (DNA,p

Question 20

Which glycan contains both   -1,4 glycosidic bonds and  
-1,6 glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose 
A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose

Exam 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Compare the methods used to cleave the O-linked and N-linked glycans from glycoproteins.

Type O blood is sometime referred to as a universal donor.Explain what this means.

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because

Arrays made with chemically synthesized glycans are used to investigate glycan-binding properties

Explain how sucrose is related to raffinose,stachyose,and verbascose.

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains glycolipids called

The glycan group on glycoproteins and glycolipids on the red blood cells all contain the glycan subgroup(s)

Compare the mechanisms of resistance that bacteria have developed with penicillin and methicillin.

If one homozygous parent expresses the GTA glycosyltransferase and the other homozygous parent expresses the GTP glycosyltransferase,what is the probability of a child with a blood type of O?

A father's blood type is B and a mother's blood type is O.Is it possible for their baby to be born with type A blood? If so,how?

Explain the difference between simple sugars,polysaccharides,and glycoconjugates.

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?

The growth rate of nonruminating animals often decreases when they eat feed containing __________ because of the inability to digest it.

What method is used to release the N-linked glycan groups from the membrane-associated glycoconjugates shown in 1 in the figure below?

Which functional group on penicillin forms a complex with transpeptidase of the bacterial wall?

Differentiate Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

The glycosaminoglycan __________ sulfate is responsible for providing structural support in the cornea of the eye.

How is penicillin inactivated by penicillin-resistant bacteria?

Approximately 11 different monosaccharides are used as building blocks of glycan groups in glycoconjugates.However,a predictive sugar code has been difficult to identify.Propose three reasons for this difficulty.

Which glycan contains both -1,4 glycosidic bonds and -1,6 glycosidic bonds?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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