Question 1

Gram-negative bacteria contain which potent inflammatory agent in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  lipopolysaccharide 
C)  lipoteichoic acid 
D)  hyaluronic acid 
A)  cellulose 
B)  lipopolysaccharide 
C)  lipoteichoic acid 
D)  hyaluronic acid

Question 2

Outline the methods used to stain both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli.

Accepted Answer

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive

Question 3

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B 
A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B

Question 4

The figure below is a fluorescence readout from a lectin array.What can be deduced from A?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no interaction between the glycan and the lectin in the well. 
B)  There is a glycan-lectin interaction in the well. 
C)  There is an interaction, but there is no way to determine the species that are interacting. 
D)  Glycan cleavage from the glycoconjugate has been achieved. 
A)  There is no interaction between the glycan and the lectin in the well. 
B)  There is a glycan-lectin interaction in the well. 
C)  There is an interaction, but there is no way to determine the species that are interacting. 
D)  Glycan cleavage from the glycoconjugate has been achieved.

Question 5

The figure below is a fluorescence readout from a lectin array.What can be deduced from B?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no interaction between the glycan and the lectin in the well. 
B)  There is a glycan-lectin interaction in the well. 
C)  There is an interaction, but there is no way to determine the species that are interacting. 
D)  Glycan cleavage from the glycoconjugate has been achieved. 
A)  There is no interaction between the glycan and the lectin in the well. 
B)  There is a glycan-lectin interaction in the well. 
C)  There is an interaction, but there is no way to determine the species that are interacting. 
D)  Glycan cleavage from the glycoconjugate has been achieved.

Question 6

What is an advantage of using methicillin compared with penicillin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillin is susceptible to inactivation by mutant transpeptidase enzymes. 
B)  Methicillin is resistant to  -lactamase activity. 
C)  Penicillin does not bind transpeptidase as well as methicillin. 
D)  Methicillin does not bind transpeptidase. 
A)  Penicillin is susceptible to inactivation by mutant transpeptidase enzymes. 
B)  Methicillin is resistant to  -lactamase activity. 
C)  Penicillin does not bind transpeptidase as well as methicillin. 
D)  Methicillin does not bind transpeptidase.

Question 7

What type of antigen(s)is/are expressed on the red blood cell of a personal with type A blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen A 
B)  antigen B 
C)  both antigen A and antigen B 
D)  neither antigen A or antigen B 
A)  antigen A 
B)  antigen B 
C)  both antigen A and antigen B 
D)  neither antigen A or antigen B

Question 8

Why are glycans more difficult to structurally analyze compared with proteins or nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins are smaller than most glycans. 
B)  Nucleic acids are polar, whereas most glycans are nonpolar. 
C)  Sugar synthesis is a template-directed process. 
D)  Glycans have sugar isomers with identical masses. 
A)  Proteins are smaller than most glycans. 
B)  Nucleic acids are polar, whereas most glycans are nonpolar. 
C)  Sugar synthesis is a template-directed process. 
D)  Glycans have sugar isomers with identical masses.

Question 9

In a lectin array,how are lectin proteins attached to the solid support?

Accepted Answer

A)  van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonding 
C)  covalent bonding 
D)  ionic interactions 
A)  van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonding 
C)  covalent bonding 
D)  ionic interactions

Question 10

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 11

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type B blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B 
A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B

Question 12

The glycan fragment shown below on the right has been cleaved by glycosylase enzymes,and HPLC analysis has produced the peaks 1 to 6.Which of the following fragments corresponds to peak 6?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 13

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  lactose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  raffinose. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  lactose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  raffinose.

Question 14

What is the blood type of a person who fails to express either the GTA or GTB glycosyltransferases?

Accepted Answer

A)  O 
B)  A 
C)  B 
D)  AB 
A)  O 
B)  A 
C)  B 
D)  AB

Question 15

Glycan arrays can be coupled with __________ to qualitatively compare fractionated cell extracts from different sources.

Accepted Answer

A)  MALDI-TOF 
B)  HPLC 
C)  size exclusion chromatography 
D)  mass spectrometry 
A)  MALDI-TOF 
B)  HPLC 
C)  size exclusion chromatography 
D)  mass spectrometry

Question 16

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?

Accepted Answer

A)  lacto-N-tetraose 
B)  verbascose 
C)  amylose 
D)  amylopectin 
A)  lacto-N-tetraose 
B)  verbascose 
C)  amylose 
D)  amylopectin

Question 17

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via

Accepted Answer

A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds. 
A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds.

Question 18

Why can cows digest grass but humans cannot?

Accepted Answer

Cows (and other ruminating herbivores)co

Question 19

Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the cell wall.How does penicillin cause the inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transpeptidase of the bacteria binds to methicillin. 
B)  The carbonyl carbon of the  -lactam ring of penicillin binds to transpeptidase. 
C)  The  -lactam ring in penicillin is hydrolyzed. 
D)  The glycine in transpeptidase binds to penicillin. 
A)  The transpeptidase of the bacteria binds to methicillin. 
B)  The carbonyl carbon of the  -lactam ring of penicillin binds to transpeptidase. 
C)  The  -lactam ring in penicillin is hydrolyzed. 
D)  The glycine in transpeptidase binds to penicillin.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the structure of glycogen,amylose,and amylopectin.

Accepted Answer

All the glycans contain exclusively gluc

Exam 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Gram-negative bacteria contain which potent inflammatory agent in animals?

Outline the methods used to stain both Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli.

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

The figure below is a fluorescence readout from a lectin array.What can be deduced from A?

The figure below is a fluorescence readout from a lectin array.What can be deduced from B?

What is an advantage of using methicillin compared with penicillin?

What type of antigen(s)is/are expressed on the red blood cell of a personal with type A blood?

Why are glycans more difficult to structurally analyze compared with proteins or nucleic acids?

In a lectin array,how are lectin proteins attached to the solid support?

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize,secrete,and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells.Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates.

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type B blood?

The glycan fragment shown below on the right has been cleaved by glycosylase enzymes,and HPLC analysis has produced the peaks 1 to 6.Which of the following fragments corresponds to peak 6?

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of

What is the blood type of a person who fails to express either the GTA or GTB glycosyltransferases?

Glycan arrays can be coupled with __________ to qualitatively compare fractionated cell extracts from different sources.

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via

Why can cows digest grass but humans cannot?

Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the cell wall.How does penicillin cause the inhibition?

Compare and contrast the structure of glycogen,amylose,and amylopectin.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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