Question 1

Polymorphisms in the HLA locus arise primarily through which type of genetic event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Translocation 
B)  Gene conversion 
C)  Missense mutation 
D)  Deletion 
A)  Translocation 
B)  Gene conversion 
C)  Missense mutation 
D)  Deletion B

Question 2

Which of the following denotes a null allele in the HLA locus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A*25:02Q 
B)  DR*10:04N 
C)  B*44:01:01X 
D)  B*16:12-B*16:14 
A)  A*25:02Q 
B)  DR*10:04N 
C)  B*44:01:01X 
D)  B*16:12-B*16:14 B

Question 3

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C are in what MHC region?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  Cytokine gene 
A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  Cytokine gene A

Question 4

Graft rejection of MHC-identical transplants can be caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The alleles present 
B)  Minor histocompatability antigens 
C)  The haplotype location on chromosome 6 
D)  Gender of the recipient 
A)  The alleles present 
B)  Minor histocompatability antigens 
C)  The haplotype location on chromosome 6 
D)  Gender of the recipient

Question 5

In HLA nomenclature, the letter N indicates what type of allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  An allele with a new antigenic phenotype 
B)  An allele with no reaction to antibody 
C)  A new antigen sequence 
D)  Normal antibody binding 
A)  An allele with a new antigenic phenotype 
B)  An allele with no reaction to antibody 
C)  A new antigen sequence 
D)  Normal antibody binding

Question 6

HLA specificities were first defined in the laboratory based on which type of methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism 
B)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
C)  Amino acid sequencing 
D)  Serology 
A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism 
B)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
C)  Amino acid sequencing 
D)  Serology

Question 7

Which of the following molecular-based methods can be used to perform HLA typing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Southern blot 
B)  Sequencing 
C)  Single-strand conformation polymorphism 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
A)  Southern blot 
B)  Sequencing 
C)  Single-strand conformation polymorphism 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Question 8

What is the relationship between the number of HLA alleles that have been identified by serological methods as compared with DNA analysis methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are fewer serologically defined alleles than DNA analysis-defined alleles 
B)  There are more serologically defined alleles than DNA analysis-defined alleles 
C)  There are equal numbers of serologically defined alleles as DNA analysis-defined alleles 
A)  There are fewer serologically defined alleles than DNA analysis-defined alleles 
B)  There are more serologically defined alleles than DNA analysis-defined alleles 
C)  There are equal numbers of serologically defined alleles as DNA analysis-defined alleles

Question 9

Which is the term for recognition of two or more antigens by the same antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synonymous 
B)  Ambiguity 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  Null 
A)  Synonymous 
B)  Ambiguity 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  Null

Question 10

In PCR-SSOP methods for HLA typing, the primers used to amplify the region are complementary to sequences present in which exon of the class II genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 11

A husband volunteers to be the donor for his wife's organ transplant. In pre-transplantation testing, the woman's serum was mixed in vitro with lymphocytes from her husband. After a few hours, complement and Trypan blue were added to the culture well. The cells were observed under the microscope and determined to be viable. What is the interpretation of this assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  The husband has antibodies that recognize his wife's cells. 
B)  The wife has antibodies that recognize her husband's cells. 
C)  The husband cannot donate his organ to his wife. 
D)  The husband can donate his organ to his wife. 
A)  The husband has antibodies that recognize his wife's cells. 
B)  The wife has antibodies that recognize her husband's cells. 
C)  The husband cannot donate his organ to his wife. 
D)  The husband can donate his organ to his wife.

Question 12

Which are used in crossmatching for organ transplant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Donor serum and recipient lymphocytes 
B)  Recipient serum and donor lymphocytes 
C)  Donor serum and recipient serum 
D)  Donor lymphocytes and recipient lymphocytes 
A)  Donor serum and recipient lymphocytes 
B)  Recipient serum and donor lymphocytes 
C)  Donor serum and recipient serum 
D)  Donor lymphocytes and recipient lymphocytes

Question 13

In a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of antibody of known HLA specificity. Complement was added, and the cells absorbed trypan blue. What is the interpretation of this assay?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lymphocytes express antigens specific for the antibodies in the assay. 
B)  The lymphocytes do not have antigens specific for the antibodies in the assay. 
C)  This is not a valid method for identifying HLA antigens. 
D)  The cells are resistant to complement lysis. 
A)  The lymphocytes express antigens specific for the antibodies in the assay. 
B)  The lymphocytes do not have antigens specific for the antibodies in the assay. 
C)  This is not a valid method for identifying HLA antigens. 
D)  The cells are resistant to complement lysis.

Question 14

Which is a nucleic acid-based test?

Accepted Answer

A)  CDC 
B)  Isoelectric focusing 
C)  Crossmatching 
D)  SSOPH 
A)  CDC 
B)  Isoelectric focusing 
C)  Crossmatching 
D)  SSOPH

Question 15

Which of the following methods that can be used to determine HLA types is only a low-resolution method?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR-SSP 
B)  PCR-SSOP 
C)  CDC 
D)  SBT 
A)  PCR-SSP 
B)  PCR-SSOP 
C)  CDC 
D)  SBT

Question 16

In accepted HLA nomenclature for identifying HLA alleles by DNA sequence information, the fourth specific allele of the HLA-A31 family would be noted as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-A*31:04 
B)  HLA-A*04:31 
C)  HLA-A*31-04 
D)  HLA-A*04-31 
A)  HLA-A*31:04 
B)  HLA-A*04:31 
C)  HLA-A*31-04 
D)  HLA-A*04-31

Question 17

A set of alleles on the same chromosome is called which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polymorphism 
B)  Aneuploid 
C)  Haplotype 
D)  Histocompatibility 
A)  Polymorphism 
B)  Aneuploid 
C)  Haplotype 
D)  Histocompatibility

Question 18

What does the term HLA-DQ designate?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA gene region, locus Q, sub-region D 
B)  The entire MHC gene region, locus D 
C)  HLA gene region, locus D, sub-region Q 
D)  The entire HLA-D locus 
A)  HLA gene region, locus Q, sub-region D 
B)  The entire MHC gene region, locus D 
C)  HLA gene region, locus D, sub-region Q 
D)  The entire HLA-D locus

Question 19

Which is in the MHC class II region?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-A 
B)  Complement C2 
C)  TNF-alpha 
D)  HLA-D 
A)  HLA-A 
B)  Complement C2 
C)  TNF-alpha 
D)  HLA-D

Question 20

Sequence-specific PCR using allele-specific primers and primers for an amplification control has been performed on DNA isolated from a patient requiring bone marrow transplantation. Analysis of the reaction by gel electrophoresis reveals the presence of two bands in a gel lane. How is this interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  False positive 
B)  False negative 
C)  True positive 
D)  True negative 
A)  False positive 
B)  False negative 
C)  True positive 
D)  True negative

Polymorphisms in the HLA locus arise primarily through which type of genetic event?

Which of the following denotes a null allele in the HLA locus?

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C are in what MHC region?

Graft rejection of MHC-identical transplants can be caused by which of the following?

In HLA nomenclature, the letter N indicates what type of allele?

HLA specificities were first defined in the laboratory based on which type of methodology?

Which of the following molecular-based methods can be used to perform HLA typing?

What is the relationship between the number of HLA alleles that have been identified by serological methods as compared with DNA analysis methods?

Which is the term for recognition of two or more antigens by the same antibody?

In PCR-SSOP methods for HLA typing, the primers used to amplify the region are complementary to sequences present in which exon of the class II genes?

Which are used in crossmatching for organ transplant?

In a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of antibody of known HLA specificity. Complement was added, and the cells absorbed trypan blue. What is the interpretation of this assay?

Which is a nucleic acid-based test?

Which of the following methods that can be used to determine HLA types is only a low-resolution method?

In accepted HLA nomenclature for identifying HLA alleles by DNA sequence information, the fourth specific allele of the HLA-A31 family would be noted as which of the following?

A set of alleles on the same chromosome is called which of the following?

What does the term HLA-DQ designate?

Which is in the MHC class II region?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters

Exam 15: Dna-Based Tissue Typing

Polymorphisms in the HLA locus arise primarily through which type of genetic event?

Which of the following denotes a null allele in the HLA locus?

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C are in what MHC region?

Graft rejection of MHC-identical transplants can be caused by which of the following?

In HLA nomenclature, the letter N indicates what type of allele?

HLA specificities were first defined in the laboratory based on which type of methodology?

Which of the following molecular-based methods can be used to perform HLA typing?

What is the relationship between the number of HLA alleles that have been identified by serological methods as compared with DNA analysis methods?

Which is the term for recognition of two or more antigens by the same antibody?

In PCR-SSOP methods for HLA typing, the primers used to amplify the region are complementary to sequences present in which exon of the class II genes?

Which are used in crossmatching for organ transplant?

In a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of antibody of known HLA specificity. Complement was added, and the cells absorbed trypan blue. What is the interpretation of this assay?

Which is a nucleic acid-based test?

Which of the following methods that can be used to determine HLA types is only a low-resolution method?

In accepted HLA nomenclature for identifying HLA alleles by DNA sequence information, the fourth specific allele of the HLA-A31 family would be noted as which of the following?

A set of alleles on the same chromosome is called which of the following?

What does the term HLA-DQ designate?

Which is in the MHC class II region?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters