Question 1

PCR with RFLP analysis and reverse hybridization is the principle of which of the following commercial assays?

Accepted Answer

A)  TRUGENE 
B)  Cleavase fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Amplicor HCV 
D)  Inno-LiPA 
A)  TRUGENE 
B)  Cleavase fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Amplicor HCV 
D)  Inno-LiPA D

Question 2

When a typing method is repeated and the results are the same each time, the method has high:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ease of test performance 
B)  Discriminatory power 
C)  Typing capacity 
D)  Reproducibility 
A)  Ease of test performance 
B)  Discriminatory power 
C)  Typing capacity 
D)  Reproducibility D

Question 3

DNA is isolated from a test organism and cut with restriction enzymes. The fragments are ligated to adapters that are complementary to primers that are added to perform two rounds of PCR. The PCR products are separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed. Which of the following methods was described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism 
B)  Amplified fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
D)  Arbitrarily primed PCR 
A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism 
B)  Amplified fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
D)  Arbitrarily primed PCR B

Question 4

The ability of a typing method to distinguish between unrelated strains is which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ease of use 
B)  Discriminatory power 
C)  Reproducibility 
D)  Ease of interpretation 
A)  Ease of use 
B)  Discriminatory power 
C)  Reproducibility 
D)  Ease of interpretation

Question 5

HIV genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance 
B)  Confirm HIV infection 
C)  Quantify amount of HIV in the patient 
D)  Determine source of HIV 
A)  Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance 
B)  Confirm HIV infection 
C)  Quantify amount of HIV in the patient 
D)  Determine source of HIV

Question 6

A PCR assay that uses short primers that amplify random sequences found throughout the genome of the test organism is what variation of PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arbitrarily primed 
B)  Amplified fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Repetitive extragenic palindromic 
D)  Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus 
A)  Arbitrarily primed 
B)  Amplified fragment length polymorphism 
C)  Repetitive extragenic palindromic 
D)  Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus

Question 7

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis has been performed on two isolates of Escherichia coli from the blood of newborns in the same neonatal unit. The banding pattern of one isolate had two differences from the banding pattern of the other isolate. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The isolates are indistinguishable. 
B)  The isolates are closely related. 
C)  The isolates are not related. 
D)  The isolates are different species. 
A)  The isolates are indistinguishable. 
B)  The isolates are closely related. 
C)  The isolates are not related. 
D)  The isolates are different species.

Question 8

Which of the following targets are used to type molds?

Accepted Answer

A)  ITS 
B)  16s RNA 
C)  ERIC 
D)  REP 
A)  ITS 
B)  16s RNA 
C)  ERIC 
D)  REP

Question 9

Which is a flow cytometry test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hybrid capture 
B)  NASBA 
C)  TMA 
D)  HPV OncoTect 
A)  Hybrid capture 
B)  NASBA 
C)  TMA 
D)  HPV OncoTect

Question 10

What will be observed in a PCR test of a true negative sample for the sample, positive control, negative control, and amplification control, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative, positive, negative, positive 
B)  Negative, positive, negative, negative 
C)  Negative, negative, negative, negative 
D)  Negative, negative, negative, positive 
A)  Negative, positive, negative, positive 
B)  Negative, positive, negative, negative 
C)  Negative, negative, negative, negative 
D)  Negative, negative, negative, positive

Question 11

What is a convenient way to concentrate organisms present in cerebrospinal fluid or urine samples before testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heat the specimen to evaporate fluid. 
B)  Centrifuge the specimen. 
C)  Freeze and thaw the specimen. 
D)  Use as large volume as possible in the assay. 
A)  Heat the specimen to evaporate fluid. 
B)  Centrifuge the specimen. 
C)  Freeze and thaw the specimen. 
D)  Use as large volume as possible in the assay.

Question 12

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a target sequence for molecular detection of a microorganism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sequence must be very long. 
B)  The sequence must be shared by many different organisms. 
C)  The sequence must be unique to the target organism. 
D)  The sequence must contain many restriction enzyme sites. 
A)  The sequence must be very long. 
B)  The sequence must be shared by many different organisms. 
C)  The sequence must be unique to the target organism. 
D)  The sequence must contain many restriction enzyme sites.

Question 13

Which of the following genes is a target in molecular-based assays and confers resistance to vancomycin in the enterococci?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhA 
B)  mecA 
C)  vanA 
D)  gyrA 
A)  inhA 
B)  mecA 
C)  vanA 
D)  gyrA

Question 14

A positive control is added (spiked) into a test specimen. The test results of the specimen alone and the spiked mixture are negative. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The specimen is negative. 
B)  The specimen is positive. 
C)  The specimen contains an inhibitor. 
D)  The positive control contains an inhibitor. 
A)  The specimen is negative. 
B)  The specimen is positive. 
C)  The specimen contains an inhibitor. 
D)  The positive control contains an inhibitor.

Question 15

In a PCR assay of DNA isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab, amplification using primers to IS481 was positive and using primers to IS1001 was negative. All controls were acceptable. Which of the following organisms was present in this sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bordetella pertussis 
B)  Bordetella parapertussis 
C)  Bordetella holmesii 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
A)  Bordetella pertussis 
B)  Bordetella parapertussis 
C)  Bordetella holmesii 
D)  Legionella pneumophila

Question 16

The following methods that are used to determine the HIV viral load in a newly diagnosed patient. Which uses signal amplification?

Accepted Answer

A)  NASBA 
B)  bDNA 
C)  RT-PCR 
D)  Sequencing 
A)  NASBA 
B)  bDNA 
C)  RT-PCR 
D)  Sequencing

Question 17

Which virus does not share sequence homology with the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  JC 
B)  BK 
C)  HCV 
D)  SV40 
A)  JC 
B)  BK 
C)  HCV 
D)  SV40

Question 18

Which of the following is the molecular target for most epidemiological investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  katG 
B)  inhA 
C)  IS6110 
D)  IS481 
A)  katG 
B)  inhA 
C)  IS6110 
D)  IS481

Question 19

A PCR assay using primers specific for the autolysin gene (lytA) was performed on a sputum specimen from a 10-year-old girl. The specimen was positive, and all controls were acceptable. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Definitive diagnosis of clinically significant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia is made. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae is present, but clinical significance is questionable. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis is detected, and the girl should be isolated. 
D)  The patient has Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia. 
A)  Definitive diagnosis of clinically significant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia is made. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae is present, but clinical significance is questionable. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis is detected, and the girl should be isolated. 
D)  The patient has Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia.

Question 20

Which of the following is a genotypic method for typing organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiogram patterns 
B)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
C)  Serotyping 
D)  Bacteriophage typing 
A)  Antibiogram patterns 
B)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
C)  Serotyping 
D)  Bacteriophage typing

PCR with RFLP analysis and reverse hybridization is the principle of which of the following commercial assays?

When a typing method is repeated and the results are the same each time, the method has high:

The ability of a typing method to distinguish between unrelated strains is which of the following criteria?

HIV genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?

A PCR assay that uses short primers that amplify random sequences found throughout the genome of the test organism is what variation of PCR?

Which of the following targets are used to type molds?

Which is a flow cytometry test?

What will be observed in a PCR test of a true negative sample for the sample, positive control, negative control, and amplification control, respectively?

What is a convenient way to concentrate organisms present in cerebrospinal fluid or urine samples before testing?

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a target sequence for molecular detection of a microorganism?

Which of the following genes is a target in molecular-based assays and confers resistance to vancomycin in the enterococci?

A positive control is added (spiked) into a test specimen. The test results of the specimen alone and the spiked mixture are negative. What does this most likely indicate?

In a PCR assay of DNA isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab, amplification using primers to IS481 was positive and using primers to IS1001 was negative. All controls were acceptable. Which of the following organisms was present in this sample?

The following methods that are used to determine the HIV viral load in a newly diagnosed patient. Which uses signal amplification?

Which virus does not share sequence homology with the others?

Which of the following is the molecular target for most epidemiological investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A PCR assay using primers specific for the autolysin gene (lytA) was performed on a sputum specimen from a 10-year-old girl. The specimen was positive, and all controls were acceptable. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?

Which of the following is a genotypic method for typing organisms?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

Dna-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters

Exam 12: Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

PCR with RFLP analysis and reverse hybridization is the principle of which of the following commercial assays?

When a typing method is repeated and the results are the same each time, the method has high:

The ability of a typing method to distinguish between unrelated strains is which of the following criteria?

HIV genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?

A PCR assay that uses short primers that amplify random sequences found throughout the genome of the test organism is what variation of PCR?

Which of the following targets are used to type molds?

Which is a flow cytometry test?

What will be observed in a PCR test of a true negative sample for the sample, positive control, negative control, and amplification control, respectively?

What is a convenient way to concentrate organisms present in cerebrospinal fluid or urine samples before testing?

Which of the following is an important characteristic of a target sequence for molecular detection of a microorganism?

Which of the following genes is a target in molecular-based assays and confers resistance to vancomycin in the enterococci?

A positive control is added (spiked) into a test specimen. The test results of the specimen alone and the spiked mixture are negative. What does this most likely indicate?

In a PCR assay of DNA isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab, amplification using primers to IS481 was positive and using primers to IS1001 was negative. All controls were acceptable. Which of the following organisms was present in this sample?

The following methods that are used to determine the HIV viral load in a newly diagnosed patient. Which uses signal amplification?

Which virus does not share sequence homology with the others?

Which of the following is the molecular target for most epidemiological investigations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A PCR assay using primers specific for the autolysin gene (lytA) was performed on a sputum specimen from a 10-year-old girl. The specimen was positive, and all controls were acceptable. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?

Which of the following is a genotypic method for typing organisms?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

Dna-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters