Question 1

To separate a mixture of oligonucleotides with a resolution between bands of 1 bp, which of the following methods should be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field 
B)  Rotating gel electrophoresis 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis 
A)  Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field 
B)  Rotating gel electrophoresis 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis C

Question 2

A molecular technologist has run a vertical gel. While analyzing the gel, the technologist notices that the bands in the outer lanes did not run as far as similar-sized bands in the inner lanes, so the bands look like a smile on the gel. What is the explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Samples were loaded into the inner wells first and got a head start moving down the gel. 
B)  A larger volume of sample was loaded into the outer wells so that they ran slower. 
C)  The electrodes in the middle of the gel were working better than at the edges of the gel. 
D)  The temperature across the gel was not constant, so the inner wells were warmer. 
A)  Samples were loaded into the inner wells first and got a head start moving down the gel. 
B)  A larger volume of sample was loaded into the outer wells so that they ran slower. 
C)  The electrodes in the middle of the gel were working better than at the edges of the gel. 
D)  The temperature across the gel was not constant, so the inner wells were warmer. D

Question 3

A molecular biologist is to separate and analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the following methods will yield the best results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillary electrophoresis 
B)  Rotating gel electrophoresis 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis 
A)  Capillary electrophoresis 
B)  Rotating gel electrophoresis 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis B

Question 4

The matrix in capillary electrophoresis through which nucleic acids pass is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Silica 
B)  Agarose 
C)  Agarobiose 
D)  Optimized polymer 
A)  Silica 
B)  Agarose 
C)  Agarobiose 
D)  Optimized polymer

Question 5

Polyacrylamide gel properties can be altered by adjusting T and C values. What are T and C in this context?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature of polymerization and concentration of acrylamide 
B)  Time of polymerization and number of cytosines in the nucleic acid to be separated 
C)  Total concentration of acrylamide plus cross-linker and percent cross-linker 
D)  TEMED concentration and concentration of APS used for polymerization 
A)  Temperature of polymerization and concentration of acrylamide 
B)  Time of polymerization and number of cytosines in the nucleic acid to be separated 
C)  Total concentration of acrylamide plus cross-linker and percent cross-linker 
D)  TEMED concentration and concentration of APS used for polymerization

Question 6

What is an advantage of agarose over polyacrylamide gels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agarose is more stable than polyacrylamide. 
B)  Agarose monomers are not toxic. 
C)  Acrylamide takes a long time to polymerize. 
D)  Polyacrylamide gels must be used immediately after polymerization. 
A)  Agarose is more stable than polyacrylamide. 
B)  Agarose monomers are not toxic. 
C)  Acrylamide takes a long time to polymerize. 
D)  Polyacrylamide gels must be used immediately after polymerization.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example of pulse-field gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Field inversion gel electrophoresis 
B)  Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Transverse alternating field electrophoresis 
A)  Field inversion gel electrophoresis 
B)  Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field 
C)  Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Transverse alternating field electrophoresis

Question 8

To increase the density of a sample relative to the density of the buffer prior to loading the sample into a gel, which of the following is added to the sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycerol 
B)  Ethidium bromide 
C)  Formaldehyde 
D)  Tris acetate EDTA 
A)  Glycerol 
B)  Ethidium bromide 
C)  Formaldehyde 
D)  Tris acetate EDTA

Question 9

As compared with traditional slab gel electrophoresis, which of the following is not an advantage of capillary electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Analyzes smaller amounts of samples 
B)  Ability to run more than one sample together 
C)  Cost of instrumentation and labels 
D)  Real-time sample detection and analysis 
A)  Analyzes smaller amounts of samples 
B)  Ability to run more than one sample together 
C)  Cost of instrumentation and labels 
D)  Real-time sample detection and analysis

Question 10

Which of the following molecules will migrate fastest in capillary electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large and positively charged 
B)  Small and positively charged 
C)  Large and negatively charged 
D)  Small and negatively charged 
A)  Large and positively charged 
B)  Small and positively charged 
C)  Large and negatively charged 
D)  Small and negatively charged

Question 11

Which of the following properties is true for ethidium bromide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emits green light when excited at 200 nm 
B)  Level of detection is 5 pg of DNA 
C)  Intercalates between nitrogen bases 
D)  Has no background fluorescence in agarose 
A)  Emits green light when excited at 200 nm 
B)  Level of detection is 5 pg of DNA 
C)  Intercalates between nitrogen bases 
D)  Has no background fluorescence in agarose

Question 12

Which of the following molecules is added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
B)  Polyacrylamide 
C)  Formamide 
D)  Tris borate 
A)  Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
B)  Polyacrylamide 
C)  Formamide 
D)  Tris borate

Question 13

To monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethidium bromide 
B)  Acrylamide 
C)  Bromophenol blue 
D)  SYBR Green 
A)  Ethidium bromide 
B)  Acrylamide 
C)  Bromophenol blue 
D)  SYBR Green

Question 14

Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a support medium through which nucleic acids move?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethidium bromide 
B)  Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
C)  Sodium dodecyl sulfate 
D)  Polyacrylamide 
A)  Ethidium bromide 
B)  Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
C)  Sodium dodecyl sulfate 
D)  Polyacrylamide

Question 15

What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5% 
B)  0.7% 
C)  2.0% 
D)  12.0% 
A)  0.5% 
B)  0.7% 
C)  2.0% 
D)  12.0%

Question 16

Nucleic acids migrate toward which pole in electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cathode 
B)  Anode 
A)  Cathode 
B)  Anode

Question 17

How does one prepare a 2% agarose gel?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mix 0.01 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
B)  Mix 0.02 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
C)  Mix 2 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
D)  Mix 1 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
A)  Mix 0.01 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
B)  Mix 0.02 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
C)  Mix 2 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat. 
D)  Mix 1 g agarose/mL running buffer and heat.

Question 18

The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red 
B)  Black 
C)  Green 
D)  White 
A)  Red 
B)  Black 
C)  Green 
D)  White

Question 19

Which is an important property of gel running buffers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solubility at low temperature 
B)  Ability to maintain constant pH 
C)  Capacity to heat up quickly 
D)  High ultraviolet light absorption 
A)  Solubility at low temperature 
B)  Ability to maintain constant pH 
C)  Capacity to heat up quickly 
D)  High ultraviolet light absorption

Question 20

The functions of which of the following include carrying the current and protecting the sample nucleic acids during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycerol 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Ammonium persulfate 
D)  Tris borate EDTA 
A)  Glycerol 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Ammonium persulfate 
D)  Tris borate EDTA

To separate a mixture of oligonucleotides with a resolution between bands of 1 bp, which of the following methods should be used?

A molecular technologist has run a vertical gel. While analyzing the gel, the technologist notices that the bands in the outer lanes did not run as far as similar-sized bands in the inner lanes, so the bands look like a smile on the gel. What is the explanation for this?

A molecular biologist is to separate and analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the following methods will yield the best results?

The matrix in capillary electrophoresis through which nucleic acids pass is:

Polyacrylamide gel properties can be altered by adjusting T and C values. What are T and C in this context?

What is an advantage of agarose over polyacrylamide gels?

Which of the following is not an example of pulse-field gel electrophoresis?

To increase the density of a sample relative to the density of the buffer prior to loading the sample into a gel, which of the following is added to the sample?

As compared with traditional slab gel electrophoresis, which of the following is not an advantage of capillary electrophoresis?

Which of the following molecules will migrate fastest in capillary electrophoresis?

Which of the following properties is true for ethidium bromide?

Which of the following molecules is added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA?

To monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?

Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a support medium through which nucleic acids move?

What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?

Nucleic acids migrate toward which pole in electrophoresis?

How does one prepare a 2% agarose gel?

The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?

Which is an important property of gel running buffers?

The functions of which of the following include carrying the current and protecting the sample nucleic acids during electrophoresis?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

DNA-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters

Exam 5: Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

To separate a mixture of oligonucleotides with a resolution between bands of 1 bp, which of the following methods should be used?

A molecular technologist has run a vertical gel. While analyzing the gel, the technologist notices that the bands in the outer lanes did not run as far as similar-sized bands in the inner lanes, so the bands look like a smile on the gel. What is the explanation for this?

A molecular biologist is to separate and analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the following methods will yield the best results?

The matrix in capillary electrophoresis through which nucleic acids pass is:

Polyacrylamide gel properties can be altered by adjusting T and C values. What are T and C in this context?

What is an advantage of agarose over polyacrylamide gels?

Which of the following is not an example of pulse-field gel electrophoresis?

To increase the density of a sample relative to the density of the buffer prior to loading the sample into a gel, which of the following is added to the sample?

As compared with traditional slab gel electrophoresis, which of the following is not an advantage of capillary electrophoresis?

Which of the following molecules will migrate fastest in capillary electrophoresis?

Which of the following properties is true for ethidium bromide?

Which of the following molecules is added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA?

To monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?

Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a support medium through which nucleic acids move?

What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?

Nucleic acids migrate toward which pole in electrophoresis?

How does one prepare a 2% agarose gel?

The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?

Which is an important property of gel running buffers?

The functions of which of the following include carrying the current and protecting the sample nucleic acids during electrophoresis?

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

DNA-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters