Question 1

Examination of chromosomes in karyotypes is performed on chromosomes in what stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prophase 
B)  Metaphase 
C)  Interphase 
D)  Telophase 
A)  Prophase 
B)  Metaphase 
C)  Interphase 
D)  Telophase B

Question 2

Which is the proper order for the four phases of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  G1, S, M, G2 
B)  G1, S, G2, M 
C)  G2, S, M, G1 
D)  M, S, G1, G2 
A)  G1, S, M, G2 
B)  G1, S, G2, M 
C)  G2, S, M, G1 
D)  M, S, G1, G2 B

Question 3

A chromosome that has the centromere in the center of the chromosome is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Acrocentric 
B)  Telocentric 
C)  Metacentric 
D)  Holocentric 
A)  Acrocentric 
B)  Telocentric 
C)  Metacentric 
D)  Holocentric C

Question 4

Before its conversion to a microarray technique, CGH was performed by hybridizing labeled DNA to what support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immobilized PCR products 
B)  Normal chromosome spread 
C)  Nitrocellulose membrane 
D)  Agarose gel 
A)  Immobilized PCR products 
B)  Normal chromosome spread 
C)  Nitrocellulose membrane 
D)  Agarose gel

Question 5

Which of the following would be most difficult to identify by karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microdeletion 
B)  Reciprocal translocation 
C)  Aneuploidy 
D)  Polyploidy 
A)  Microdeletion 
B)  Reciprocal translocation 
C)  Aneuploidy 
D)  Polyploidy

Question 6

The short arm of the chromosome is designated as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  o 
B)  p 
C)  q 
D)  r 
A)  o 
B)  p 
C)  q 
D)  r

Question 7

In a C banding pattern, what part of the chromosome stains?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whole chromosome 
B)  Heterochromatin 
C)  Euchromatin 
D)  Centromere 
A)  Whole chromosome 
B)  Heterochromatin 
C)  Euchromatin 
D)  Centromere

Question 8

When chromosomes are stained with Giemsa, the resulting bands are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  G bands 
B)  Q bands 
C)  R bands 
D)  C bands 
A)  G bands 
B)  Q bands 
C)  R bands 
D)  C bands

Question 9

What is the designation of a cell with three copies of every chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Euploid 
B)  Diploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Tetraploid 
A)  Euploid 
B)  Diploid 
C)  Triploid 
D)  Tetraploid

Question 10

What are the structures found only at the ends of human chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinetochores 
B)  Telomeres 
C)  Centromeres 
D)  Histones 
A)  Kinetochores 
B)  Telomeres 
C)  Centromeres 
D)  Histones

Question 11

A nucleosome consists of DNA and which of the following combinations of histone proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  2(H1), 2(H2
A) , 2(H3), 2(H4) 
B)  2(H2
A) , 2(H2
B) , 2(H3), 2(H4) 
C)  2(H1), 2(H2
A) , 2(H2
B) , 2(H4) 
D)  2(H2), 2(H3), 2(H4), 2(H5) 
A)  2(H1), 2(H2
A) , 2(H3), 2(H4) 
B)  2(H2
A) , 2(H2
B) , 2(H3), 2(H4) 
C)  2(H1), 2(H2
A) , 2(H2
B) , 2(H4) 
D)  2(H2), 2(H3), 2(H4), 2(H5)

Question 12

Human chromosomes 21 and 22 are described as which of the following with regard to the location of the centromere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telocentric 
B)  Holocentric 
C)  Metacentric 
D)  Acrocentric 
A)  Telocentric 
B)  Holocentric 
C)  Metacentric 
D)  Acrocentric

Question 13

Colcemid is used in the procedure of preparing a chromosome spread for karyotype analysis to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spread the chromosomes out within the cell 
B)  Inhibit microtubule formation 
C)  Induce cells to enter mitosis 
D)  Fix cells to the slide prior to staining 
A)  Spread the chromosomes out within the cell 
B)  Inhibit microtubule formation 
C)  Induce cells to enter mitosis 
D)  Fix cells to the slide prior to staining

Question 14

Interphase FISH has been performed on a patient sample. With a chromosome 8 centromeric (CEP 8) probe, two signals are observed in each spread examined. A probe for the immunoglobulin heavy chain region on chromosome 14 gives two distinct signals per nucleus, and a probe for the myc gene on chromosome 8 gives two distinct signals per nucleus. Which of following interpretations is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient is normal. 
B)  The patient has a t(14;8) translocation. 
C)  The patient has a chromosome 8 deletion. 
D)  The patient has a chromosome 8 insertion. 
A)  The patient is normal. 
B)  The patient has a t(14;8) translocation. 
C)  The patient has a chromosome 8 deletion. 
D)  The patient has a chromosome 8 insertion.

Question 15

A reciprocal translocation is which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene 
B)  Genome 
C)  Chromosome 
D)  Nucleotide 
A)  Gene 
B)  Genome 
C)  Chromosome 
D)  Nucleotide

Question 16

What is a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structure of a gene 
B)  A trait resulting from gene transcription and translation 
C)  The nucleotide sequence responsible for a genotype 
D)  A change in the gene structure 
A)  The structure of a gene 
B)  A trait resulting from gene transcription and translation 
C)  The nucleotide sequence responsible for a genotype 
D)  A change in the gene structure

Question 17

Down's syndrome is caused when an extra copy of chromosome 21 is created, which is what kind of genetic event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene mutation 
B)  Chromosome mutation 
C)  Genome mutation 
D)  Euploidy 
A)  Gene mutation 
B)  Chromosome mutation 
C)  Genome mutation 
D)  Euploidy

Question 18

Which of the following types of chromatin are open and actively involved in gene expression (transcription)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterochromatin 
B)  Homochromatin 
C)  Euchromatin 
D)  Interchromatin 
A)  Heterochromatin 
B)  Homochromatin 
C)  Euchromatin 
D)  Interchromatin

Question 19

Comparative genome hybridization detects which type of genetic abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amplifications relative to reference DNA 
B)  Absolute gene numbers 
C)  Inversions 
D)  Amino acid substitutions 
A)  Amplifications relative to reference DNA 
B)  Absolute gene numbers 
C)  Inversions 
D)  Amino acid substitutions

Question 20

A medical laboratory scientist performs fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase chromosomes using a probe to chromosome 21. In all cells examined, two signals were seen. These results are interpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal 
B)  Abnormal; the patient has Down's syndrome 
C)  Abnormal; the patient is lacking a copy of chromosome 21 
D)  Abnormal; the patient has a Philadelphia chromosome 
A)  Normal 
B)  Abnormal; the patient has Down's syndrome 
C)  Abnormal; the patient is lacking a copy of chromosome 21 
D)  Abnormal; the patient has a Philadelphia chromosome

Examination of chromosomes in karyotypes is performed on chromosomes in what stage of mitosis?

Which is the proper order for the four phases of the cell cycle?

A chromosome that has the centromere in the center of the chromosome is called:

Before its conversion to a microarray technique, CGH was performed by hybridizing labeled DNA to what support?

Which of the following would be most difficult to identify by karyotype?

The short arm of the chromosome is designated as which of the following?

In a C banding pattern, what part of the chromosome stains?

When chromosomes are stained with Giemsa, the resulting bands are called:

What is the designation of a cell with three copies of every chromosome?

What are the structures found only at the ends of human chromosomes?

A nucleosome consists of DNA and which of the following combinations of histone proteins?

Human chromosomes 21 and 22 are described as which of the following with regard to the location of the centromere?

Colcemid is used in the procedure of preparing a chromosome spread for karyotype analysis to do which of the following?

A reciprocal translocation is which type of mutation?

What is a phenotype?

Down's syndrome is caused when an extra copy of chromosome 21 is created, which is what kind of genetic event?

Which of the following types of chromatin are open and actively involved in gene expression (transcription)?

Comparative genome hybridization detects which type of genetic abnormalities?

A medical laboratory scientist performs fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase chromosomes using a probe to chromosome 21. In all cells examined, two signals were seen. These results are interpreted as:

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

DNA-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters

Exam 8: Chromosomal Structure and Chromosomal Mutations

Examination of chromosomes in karyotypes is performed on chromosomes in what stage of mitosis?

Which is the proper order for the four phases of the cell cycle?

A chromosome that has the centromere in the center of the chromosome is called:

Before its conversion to a microarray technique, CGH was performed by hybridizing labeled DNA to what support?

Which of the following would be most difficult to identify by karyotype?

The short arm of the chromosome is designated as which of the following?

In a C banding pattern, what part of the chromosome stains?

When chromosomes are stained with Giemsa, the resulting bands are called:

What is the designation of a cell with three copies of every chromosome?

What are the structures found only at the ends of human chromosomes?

A nucleosome consists of DNA and which of the following combinations of histone proteins?

Human chromosomes 21 and 22 are described as which of the following with regard to the location of the centromere?

Colcemid is used in the procedure of preparing a chromosome spread for karyotype analysis to do which of the following?

A reciprocal translocation is which type of mutation?

What is a phenotype?

Down's syndrome is caused when an extra copy of chromosome 21 is created, which is what kind of genetic event?

Which of the following types of chromatin are open and actively involved in gene expression (transcription)?

Comparative genome hybridization detects which type of genetic abnormalities?

A medical laboratory scientist performs fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase chromosomes using a probe to chromosome 21. In all cells examined, two signals were seen. These results are interpreted as:

DNA

RNA

Proteins

Nucleic Acid Extraction Methods

Resolution and Detection of Nucleic Acids

Analysis and Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acid Amplification

Gene Mutations

DNA Sequencing

DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Detection and Identification of Microorganisms

Molecular Detection of Inherited Diseases

Molecular Oncology

DNA-Based Tissue Typing

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Molecular Laboratory

Filters