Exam 6: Control Problems in Experimental Research

In a taste test comparing popcorn brands A, B, C, and D, the experimenter decides to use a Latin square for counterbalancing. Assuming that ten participants will be tested in each of the sequences used, how many people will be needed to complete the study?

Demand characteristics refer to

Describe two procedures for accomplishing counterbalancing for studies in which each participant encounters each level of the independent variable just one time.

In a study with three conditions in which participants are tested in each condition more than once, block randomization could produce each of the following sequences except

Distinguish subject bias and experimenter bias, show how they could interact, and explain how they can be controlled.

Which of the following is true about cohort effects?

For which of the following empirical questions would a within-subjects design be preferred?

Terman's studies of gifted children

Five golfers each hit 50 brand A golf balls, and then 50 brand B golf balls. On average, the brand B balls go significantly farther. Which of the following is true?

A between-subjects design

Describe Rosenthal's person perception procedure and explain what it has to do with experimenter bias. How may such bias be eliminated from a study?

Distinguish between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in developmental research and describe the control problems associated with each.

A within-subjects design

In between-subject designs,

Experimenter bias can be reduced by using a(n) _________ procedure in which neither the experimenter nor the subject knows which condition is being tested.

Why does counterbalancing solve progressive order effects better than carry-over effects?

When deciding to use matching, which of the following is unimportant as a factor contributing to the decision?

All of the following characterize within-subjects designs except

When is it most likely that a between-subjects design is being used?

Describe two procedures for accomplishing counterbalancing for studies in which each participant encounters each level of the independent variable more than one time.