Question 1

In _______, each subject volunteering for the study has an equal chance of being placed into group A or group B.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  counterbalancing 
C)  matching 
D)  using a Latin square 
A)  random assignment 
B)  counterbalancing 
C)  matching 
D)  using a Latin square

Question 2

Blocked random assignment is sometimes used in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  match participants on some potentially confounding factor 
B)  insure an equal number of participants per condition 
C)  insure that a random sample is selected 
D)  accomplish complete counterbalancing 
A)  match participants on some potentially confounding factor 
B)  insure an equal number of participants per condition 
C)  insure that a random sample is selected 
D)  accomplish complete counterbalancing

Question 3

Experimenter expectancies

Accepted Answer

A)  have been uncovered in studies involving human subjects but not in those using animals 
B)  can be reduced by using a double blind procedure 
C)  can be eliminated by recruiting only "good" subjects 
D)  are not a problem for experienced experimenters 
A)  have been uncovered in studies involving human subjects but not in those using animals 
B)  can be reduced by using a double blind procedure 
C)  can be eliminated by recruiting only "good" subjects 
D)  are not a problem for experienced experimenters

Question 4

Which of the following is not an important factor in determining whether to use matching as a technique for creating equivalent groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  sample size 
B)  whether an extraneous variable is known to correlate with the dependent variable 
C)  whether it is possible to measure participants on the potential matching variable 
D)  whether counterbalancing is required 
A)  sample size 
B)  whether an extraneous variable is known to correlate with the dependent variable 
C)  whether it is possible to measure participants on the potential matching variable 
D)  whether counterbalancing is required

Question 5

If subjects are tested once in each condition,

Accepted Answer

A)  a Latin square can be used to accomplish counterbalancing 
B)  the study is by definition a between-subjects design 
C)  reverse counterbalancing is the best technique to use to control order effects 
D)  complete counterbalancing cannot be used 
A)  a Latin square can be used to accomplish counterbalancing 
B)  the study is by definition a between-subjects design 
C)  reverse counterbalancing is the best technique to use to control order effects 
D)  complete counterbalancing cannot be used

Question 6

In a within-subjects design, the differences between experimental conditions could be due to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  some confounding factor 
B)  random error 
C)  individual differences 
D)  the effect of the independent variable 
A)  some confounding factor 
B)  random error 
C)  individual differences 
D)  the effect of the independent variable

Question 7

Attrition can be a problem for developmental psychologists who do ??????????????????????___________ research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attrition can be a problem for developmental...

Question 8

When using a matching procedure

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are tested upon completion of the study as a manipulation check. 
B)  participants are tested upon completion of the study for an assessment of individual differences. 
C)  participants with different scores are paired then a member of each pair is randomly assigned to each level of the independent variable. 
D)  participants with similar scores are paired then a member of each pair is randomly assigned to each level of the independent variable. 
A)  participants are tested upon completion of the study as a manipulation check. 
B)  participants are tested upon completion of the study for an assessment of individual differences. 
C)  participants with different scores are paired then a member of each pair is randomly assigned to each level of the independent variable. 
D)  participants with similar scores are paired then a member of each pair is randomly assigned to each level of the independent variable.

Question 9

Five golfers each hit 50 brand A golf balls, while at the same time and on the same driving range five other golfers hit 50 brand B golf balls. On average, the brand B balls go significantly farther. The difference is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a warm-up effect 
B)  a change in wind direction 
C)  individual differences 
D)  evaluation apprehension 
A)  a warm-up effect 
B)  a change in wind direction 
C)  individual differences 
D)  evaluation apprehension

Question 10

All of the following could be used to control for subject bias, except

Accepted Answer

A)  using some degree of deception 
B)  conducting an unobtrusive field study 
C)  doing a manipulation check 
D)  informing participants of the hypothesis instead of deceiving them 
A)  using some degree of deception 
B)  conducting an unobtrusive field study 
C)  doing a manipulation check 
D)  informing participants of the hypothesis instead of deceiving them

Question 11

Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called

Accepted Answer

A)  carry-over effects 
B)  transfer effects 
C)  experimenter bias effects 
D)  progressive effects 
A)  carry-over effects 
B)  transfer effects 
C)  experimenter bias effects 
D)  progressive effects

Question 12

A progressive effect

Accepted Answer

A)  is more easily controlled by counterbalancing than a carry-over effect 
B)  is more likely to occur in a between-subjects design than a within-subjects design 
C)  usually results in a confound, making counterbalancing a problem 
D)  tends to produce effects that are nonlinear from trial to trial 
A)  is more easily controlled by counterbalancing than a carry-over effect 
B)  is more likely to occur in a between-subjects design than a within-subjects design 
C)  usually results in a confound, making counterbalancing a problem 
D)  tends to produce effects that are nonlinear from trial to trial

Question 13

In a balanced Latin square,

Accepted Answer

A)  each possible sequence of conditions is used 
B)  each condition appears equally often in each sequential position 
C)  participants are tested more than once per condition 
D)  block randomization must be used 
A)  each possible sequence of conditions is used 
B)  each condition appears equally often in each sequential position 
C)  participants are tested more than once per condition 
D)  block randomization must be used

Question 14

The general procedure used to control for order effects is called

Accepted Answer

A)  randomization 
B)  double blind 
C)  counterbalancing 
D)  automation 
A)  randomization 
B)  double blind 
C)  counterbalancing 
D)  automation

Question 15

Hagemann, Strauss, and Leißing studied the effects of the color of clothing (red versus blue) in referees' judgments of tae kwan do ability. Referees viewed two sets of 11 videos in random order, and each set was counterbalanced. In effect, Hagemann accomplished

Accepted Answer

A)  complete counterbalancing 
B)  block randomization 
C)  both a and b 
D)  none of the above 
A)  complete counterbalancing 
B)  block randomization 
C)  both a and b 
D)  none of the above

Question 16

What is accomplished by random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  possible order effects are controlled 
B)  possible confounds are spread evenly through the different groups 
C)  an equal number of subjects per group is assured 
D)  a representative sample is selected from the population 
A)  possible order effects are controlled 
B)  possible confounds are spread evenly through the different groups 
C)  an equal number of subjects per group is assured 
D)  a representative sample is selected from the population

Question 17

All of the following characterize between-subjects designs except

Accepted Answer

A)  concern over order effects 
B)  requires larger N than comparable within-subjects designs 
C)  concern over how to create equivalent groups 
D)  random assignment frequently used 
A)  concern over order effects 
B)  requires larger N than comparable within-subjects designs 
C)  concern over how to create equivalent groups 
D)  random assignment frequently used

Question 18

In within-subjects designs,

Accepted Answer

A)  each subject enters the study naive with respect to the procedures to be used 
B)  large numbers of participants usually need to be recruited 
C)  blocked random assignment can be used as a way for forming equivalent groups 
D)  block randomization can be used as a method of counterbalancing 
A)  each subject enters the study naive with respect to the procedures to be used 
B)  large numbers of participants usually need to be recruited 
C)  blocked random assignment can be used as a way for forming equivalent groups 
D)  block randomization can be used as a method of counterbalancing

Question 19

Which of the following is true of Terman's study of gifted children?

Accepted Answer

A)  it illustrated the problem of cohort effects in cross-sectional studies 
B)  unlike many longitudinal studies, attrition was very low 
C)  it combined longitudinal and cross-sectional methods into a single design 
D)  it showed that intellectually gifted children have serious problems with social skills 
A)  it illustrated the problem of cohort effects in cross-sectional studies 
B)  unlike many longitudinal studies, attrition was very low 
C)  it combined longitudinal and cross-sectional methods into a single design 
D)  it showed that intellectually gifted children have serious problems with social skills

Question 20

As a technique for creating equivalent groups, when is matching preferred over random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a large number of subjects are available and can be used 
B)  when some extraneous variable is known to correlate with the dependent variable 
C)  whenever a within-subjects design is preferred over a between-subjects design 
D)  whenever a potential confound exists, but you aren't aware of its presence 
A)  when a large number of subjects are available and can be used 
B)  when some extraneous variable is known to correlate with the dependent variable 
C)  whenever a within-subjects design is preferred over a between-subjects design 
D)  whenever a potential confound exists, but you aren't aware of its presence

In _______, each subject volunteering for the study has an equal chance of being placed into group A or group B.

Blocked random assignment is sometimes used in order to

Experimenter expectancies

Which of the following is not an important factor in determining whether to use matching as a technique for creating equivalent groups?

If subjects are tested once in each condition,

In a within-subjects design, the differences between experimental conditions could be due to all of the following except

Attrition can be a problem for developmental psychologists who do ??????????????????????___________ research.

When using a matching procedure

Five golfers each hit 50 brand A golf balls, while at the same time and on the same driving range five other golfers hit 50 brand B golf balls. On average, the brand B balls go significantly farther. The difference is most likely due to

All of the following could be used to control for subject bias, except

Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called

A progressive effect

In a balanced Latin square,

The general procedure used to control for order effects is called

Hagemann, Strauss, and Leißing studied the effects of the color of clothing (red versus blue) in referees' judgments of tae kwan do ability. Referees viewed two sets of 11 videos in random order, and each set was counterbalanced. In effect, Hagemann accomplished

What is accomplished by random assignment?

All of the following characterize between-subjects designs except

In within-subjects designs,

Which of the following is true of Terman's study of gifted children?

As a technique for creating equivalent groups, when is matching preferred over random assignment?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 6: Control Problems in Experimental Research

In _______, each subject volunteering for the study has an equal chance of being placed into group A or group B.

Blocked random assignment is sometimes used in order to

Experimenter expectancies

Which of the following is not an important factor in determining whether to use matching as a technique for creating equivalent groups?

If subjects are tested once in each condition,

In a within-subjects design, the differences between experimental conditions could be due to all of the following except

Attrition can be a problem for developmental psychologists who do ??????????????????????___________ research.

When using a matching procedure

Five golfers each hit 50 brand A golf balls, while at the same time and on the same driving range five other golfers hit 50 brand B golf balls. On average, the brand B balls go significantly farther. The difference is most likely due to

All of the following could be used to control for subject bias, except

Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called

A progressive effect

In a balanced Latin square,

The general procedure used to control for order effects is called

Hagemann, Strauss, and Leißing studied the effects of the color of clothing (red versus blue) in referees' judgments of tae kwan do ability. Referees viewed two sets of 11 videos in random order, and each set was counterbalanced. In effect, Hagemann accomplished

What is accomplished by random assignment?

All of the following characterize between-subjects designs except

In within-subjects designs,

Which of the following is true of Terman's study of gifted children?

As a technique for creating equivalent groups, when is matching preferred over random assignment?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters