Question 1

Nutrients acquired by animals

Accepted Answer

A)  are all synthesized by the cells of other organisms. 
B)  are all broken down outside of cells. 
C)  are a source of matter but not energy for the animals. 
D)  are broken down to produce usable energy for cellular processes. 
E)  do not play a role in the synthesis of complex molecules. 
A)  are all synthesized by the cells of other organisms. 
B)  are all broken down outside of cells. 
C)  are a source of matter but not energy for the animals. 
D)  are broken down to produce usable energy for cellular processes. 
E)  do not play a role in the synthesis of complex molecules.

Question 2

Life arose on Earth approximately _______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  4,000 
B)  400,000 
C)  4 million 
D)  1.5 billion 
E)  4 billion 
A)  4,000 
B)  400,000 
C)  4 million 
D)  1.5 billion 
E)  4 billion

Question 3

Comparative experiments are designed to answer questions that require

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental groups and control groups. 
B)  little or no data collection. 
C)  a final, definitive answer. 
D)  the collection of qualitative data. 
E)  observation and comparison rather than controlled variables. 
A)  experimental groups and control groups. 
B)  little or no data collection. 
C)  a final, definitive answer. 
D)  the collection of qualitative data. 
E)  observation and comparison rather than controlled variables.

Question 4

Refer to the image below, which shows a group of organisms.   According to the hierarchy of biological systems, what level is represented by this group of organisms? Explain your reasoning.If nonliving components such as soil, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water are included with these organisms, what level is represented? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The group of organisms represents a comm

Question 5

A phylogenetic tree

Accepted Answer

A)  classifies all plant species based on their habitats. 
B)  diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms. 
C)  is based on binomial nomenclature. 
D)  only catalogues fossil plants. 
E)  only uses genome sequencing data. 
A)  classifies all plant species based on their habitats. 
B)  diagrams the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms. 
C)  is based on binomial nomenclature. 
D)  only catalogues fossil plants. 
E)  only uses genome sequencing data.

Question 6

Refer to the figure below showing DNA as life's "blueprint."   Which statement is not supported by evidence presented in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are composed of DNA. 
B)  Information in DNA is used to construct proteins. 
C)  Nucleotides contain genetic information. 
D)  DNA is composed of nucleotides. 
E)  Proteins are composed of genes. 
A)  Genes are composed of DNA. 
B)  Information in DNA is used to construct proteins. 
C)  Nucleotides contain genetic information. 
D)  DNA is composed of nucleotides. 
E)  Proteins are composed of genes.

Question 7

The thorns on cacti are modified leaves and represent an example of a(n) _______

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution. 
B)  binomial. 
C)  expressed gene. 
D)  genome. 
E)  adaptation. 
A)  evolution. 
B)  binomial. 
C)  expressed gene. 
D)  genome. 
E)  adaptation.

Question 8

The study of cellular metabolism in the bacterium Escherichia coli has allowed scientists to understand many cellular reactions that take place in human cells as well.This is an example of how biologists use model systems to extend their findings to many different types of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of cellular metabolism in the...

Question 9

A fungus species is observed to undergo asexual reproduction at some times and sexual reproduction at other times.A researcher hypothesizes that the nutrient levels available to the fungus may be responsible for this effect.Which data could be used to test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compare the genome of a mutant that is not able to switch from asexual to sexual reproduction to the genome of the normal fungus. 
B)  Observe the sexual behavior of the fungus grown in a laboratory under various conditions such as pH, temperature, and water availability. 
C)  Find samples of the fungus growing in the wild, record their reproductive behavior, and collect samples of the substrate they are growing on for chemical analysis. 
D)  Collect information from cells about which genes are being expressed under the two types of reproductive behaviors. 
E)  Grow fungi on high levels of nutrients in the lab, and observe reproductive behavior before and after adding additional nutrients. 
A)  Compare the genome of a mutant that is not able to switch from asexual to sexual reproduction to the genome of the normal fungus. 
B)  Observe the sexual behavior of the fungus grown in a laboratory under various conditions such as pH, temperature, and water availability. 
C)  Find samples of the fungus growing in the wild, record their reproductive behavior, and collect samples of the substrate they are growing on for chemical analysis. 
D)  Collect information from cells about which genes are being expressed under the two types of reproductive behaviors. 
E)  Grow fungi on high levels of nutrients in the lab, and observe reproductive behavior before and after adding additional nutrients.

Question 10

Refer to the figure below showing the steps carried out in a laboratory using cells obtained from a mouse embryo.   What statement is true based on the experiment depicted in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The processes involved in a developing multicellular organism are too complex to study in the lab. 
B)  External factors are unimportant in determining the path of specialization of cells in a developing embryo. 
C)  Specialization of each cell in a multicellular organism relies solely on which genetic factors are present in the cell. 
D)  A multicellular organism develops from a group of identical cells into nonidentical specialized cells that perform different functions. 
E)  Cells become specialized as a mouse embryo develops, but their specialized identities can be changed to different identities at times along the way. 
A)  The processes involved in a developing multicellular organism are too complex to study in the lab. 
B)  External factors are unimportant in determining the path of specialization of cells in a developing embryo. 
C)  Specialization of each cell in a multicellular organism relies solely on which genetic factors are present in the cell. 
D)  A multicellular organism develops from a group of identical cells into nonidentical specialized cells that perform different functions. 
E)  Cells become specialized as a mouse embryo develops, but their specialized identities can be changed to different identities at times along the way.

Question 11

Refer to the figure below.   The graph shows results from a study on a pathogen that infects and destroys grape plants.The pathogen reproduces asexually to form spores.These spores are easily transported by wind to new plant hosts to begin a new round of infection.In this study, scientists infected grape vine plants with viable spores and placed the plants in a vineyard.The scientists then collected spores that were produced from this infection.They collected some spores at various times on hot, dry days and collected other spores at various times on cool, cloudy days.Then they tested both sets of spores to see how well they caused infection in a new round of host plants.Which statement can be made about this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  This was a comparative experiment because it was conducted using living plants in a field study. 
B)  This was a controlled experiment because only one variable differed between the two sets of spores. 
C)  This was a comparative experiment because the viabilities of two sets of spores were being compared. 
D)  This was a controlled experiment because the plants being studied were limited to a certain number. 
E)  This was both a comparative and a controlled experiment because it was conducted in a field while specific variables were kept constant. 
A)  This was a comparative experiment because it was conducted using living plants in a field study. 
B)  This was a controlled experiment because only one variable differed between the two sets of spores. 
C)  This was a comparative experiment because the viabilities of two sets of spores were being compared. 
D)  This was a controlled experiment because the plants being studied were limited to a certain number. 
E)  This was both a comparative and a controlled experiment because it was conducted in a field while specific variables were kept constant.

Question 12

Refer to the figure below.   The figure shows early steps in the embryonic development of a simple vertebrate animal.Each figure represents a cross-sectional view of a developing embryo.The blastula can be described as a ball of cells.These cells formed from a fertilized egg that underwent several rounds of cell division.The blastula then undergoes invagination to form the gastrula as shown in the diagram.During invagination, some cells are pushed up into the center of the ball, creating a cell-lined pocket on the inside of the gastrula.This pocket later becomes the digestive tract of the developing animal.All vertebrate animals follow this pattern of development.Analyze the diagram to explain why the process of gastrulation provides the opportunity for the evolution of cell specialization and multicellularity in animals.

Accepted Answer

The diagram shows that the cells in the

Question 13

The advantage of controlled scientific experiments is that

Accepted Answer

A)  all variables except one are held constant. 
B)  the hypothesis can be proven correct. 
C)  patterns can be predicted. 
D)  investigations can be carried out in the field. 
E)  a massive amount of data can be synthesized. 
A)  all variables except one are held constant. 
B)  the hypothesis can be proven correct. 
C)  patterns can be predicted. 
D)  investigations can be carried out in the field. 
E)  a massive amount of data can be synthesized.

Question 14

Refer to the table below.   Which data provide evidence that these two organisms have a common origin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell sizes 
B)  Time for one cell division cycle 
C)  Number of genes 
D)  DNA base identities 
E)  Identity of most prevalent molecule in a cell 
A)  Cell sizes 
B)  Time for one cell division cycle 
C)  Number of genes 
D)  DNA base identities 
E)  Identity of most prevalent molecule in a cell

Question 15

A group of differentiated cells that work together to carry out a similar function is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue. 
B)  organ system. 
C)  unicellular organism. 
D)  protein. 
E)  gene. 
A)  tissue. 
B)  organ system. 
C)  unicellular organism. 
D)  protein. 
E)  gene.

Question 16

What hypothesis has been proposed to explain the emergence of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain a number of mem

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life has a common ancestry. 
B)  Life is made up of living organisms. 
C)  Living organisms are all descended from a common origin. 
D)  Life has multiple origins. 
E)  Life has striking similarities across gene sequences. 
A)  Life has a common ancestry. 
B)  Life is made up of living organisms. 
C)  Living organisms are all descended from a common origin. 
D)  Life has multiple origins. 
E)  Life has striking similarities across gene sequences.

Question 18

For a hypothesis to be scientifically valid, it must be _______, and it should be possible to _______ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  testable; prove 
B)  testable; reject 
C)  controlled; prove 
D)  controlled; reject 
E)  testable; control 
A)  testable; prove 
B)  testable; reject 
C)  controlled; prove 
D)  controlled; reject 
E)  testable; control

Question 19

Refer to the graph below.   The graph shows data collected between 1993 and 2003 relating to a population of birds.Suppose that in 2003 another biologist observed a sudden decrease in the population of an insect that was the major component of the diet of this bird species.Explain how both sets of observations would have provided a basis for developing a testable hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The observation that the insect populati

Question 20

When applying biology to public policy,

Accepted Answer

A)  the recommendations of scientists are always followed. 
B)  the economic issues of a policy are not considered. 
C)  several countries may be involved. 
D)  there are no ethical issues involved. 
E)  the correct course of action is always evident. 
A)  the recommendations of scientists are always followed. 
B)  the economic issues of a policy are not considered. 
C)  several countries may be involved. 
D)  there are no ethical issues involved. 
E)  the correct course of action is always evident.

Exam 1: Studying Life

Nutrients acquired by animals

Life arose on Earth approximately _______ years ago.

Comparative experiments are designed to answer questions that require

A phylogenetic tree

Refer to the figure below showing DNA as life's "blueprint." Which statement is not supported by evidence presented in the figure?

The thorns on cacti are modified leaves and represent an example of a(n) _______

The study of cellular metabolism in the bacterium Escherichia coli has allowed scientists to understand many cellular reactions that take place in human cells as well.This is an example of how biologists use model systems to extend their findings to many different types of _______.

A fungus species is observed to undergo asexual reproduction at some times and sexual reproduction at other times.A researcher hypothesizes that the nutrient levels available to the fungus may be responsible for this effect.Which data could be used to test this hypothesis?

Refer to the figure below showing the steps carried out in a laboratory using cells obtained from a mouse embryo. What statement is true based on the experiment depicted in the figure?

The advantage of controlled scientific experiments is that

Refer to the table below. Which data provide evidence that these two organisms have a common origin?

A group of differentiated cells that work together to carry out a similar function is known as a(n)

What hypothesis has been proposed to explain the emergence of eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following is not true of life?

For a hypothesis to be scientifically valid, it must be _______, and it should be possible to _______ it.

When applying biology to public policy,

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

For a hypothesis to be scientifically valid, it must be _, and it should be possible to _ it.