Question 1

The critical step for the evolution of life was the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of fatty acids. 
B)  formation of simple molecules. 
C)  appearance of proteins that could replicate themselves. 
D)  appearance of nucleic acids that could replicate themselves. 
E)  synthesis of proteins. 
A)  formation of fatty acids. 
B)  formation of simple molecules. 
C)  appearance of proteins that could replicate themselves. 
D)  appearance of nucleic acids that could replicate themselves. 
E)  synthesis of proteins.

Question 2

Which feature is the same in muscle cells and gut cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell function 
B)  Local cell environment 
C)  Expressed genes 
D)  Genome 
E)  Proteins formed 
A)  Cell function 
B)  Local cell environment 
C)  Expressed genes 
D)  Genome 
E)  Proteins formed

Question 3

Refer to the diagram below showing the evolutionary tree of life.   According to the relationships indicated by this phylogeny, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals are equally related to plants and fungi. 
B)  Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants or any protists. 
C)  Fungi evolved more recently than did plants. 
D)  Most eukaryotes are protists. 
E)  Plants evolved more recently than did archaea. 
A)  Animals are equally related to plants and fungi. 
B)  Animals are more closely related to fungi than they are to plants or any protists. 
C)  Fungi evolved more recently than did plants. 
D)  Most eukaryotes are protists. 
E)  Plants evolved more recently than did archaea.

Question 4

The early organisms that produced the first oxygen gas in Earth's atmosphere were

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic eukaryotes. 
B)  anaerobic eukaryotes. 
C)  photosynthetic prokaryotes. 
D)  aerobic prokaryotes. 
E)  completely unlike modern organisms. 
A)  aerobic eukaryotes. 
B)  anaerobic eukaryotes. 
C)  photosynthetic prokaryotes. 
D)  aerobic prokaryotes. 
E)  completely unlike modern organisms.

Question 5

Which is an example of science?

Accepted Answer

A)  An article in a national news magazine about using astrology to buy stocks 
B)  A book about a woman overcoming cancer with dietary changes 
C)  A religious text stating predictions about future events 
D)  An almanac with 40 years of daily temperature and precipitation data used as a farmer's planting guide 
E)  A report on the comprehensive effects of an oil spill covering the time immediately after the spill 
A)  An article in a national news magazine about using astrology to buy stocks 
B)  A book about a woman overcoming cancer with dietary changes 
C)  A religious text stating predictions about future events 
D)  An almanac with 40 years of daily temperature and precipitation data used as a farmer's planting guide 
E)  A report on the comprehensive effects of an oil spill covering the time immediately after the spill

Question 6

In the names of organisms, the _______ is placed first and the _______ is placed second.

Accepted Answer

A)  species; genus 
B)  genus; domain 
C)  domain; genus 
D)  genus; species 
E)  domain; species 
A)  species; genus 
B)  genus; domain 
C)  domain; genus 
D)  genus; species 
E)  domain; species

Question 7

The three major groups of multicellular eukaryotes are the plants, animals, and fungi.They evolved independently from different groups of unicellular eukaryotes generally known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three major groups of multicellular eukaryotes...

Question 8

Pesticides are not used in organic farming, and so agricultural pests must be managed using other methods.Biologists have determined that the organism that causes potato blight, Phytophthora infestans, is an obligate parasite of the potato plant and several other host plants.That means that this unicellular organism can only survive in stems, leaves, tubers, or spores of its hosts.Knowing this information, which practice is an organic farmer likely to carry out?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant all potato crops in the same or adjacent fields. 
B)  Plow under potato plants after a harvest to serve as fertilizer for the next crop. 
C)  Allow plants to grow from seeds that blow by chance onto a field. 
D)  Rotate crops so that potato plants fully decompose before another potato crop is started. 
E)  Burn the soil and all plant waste in every field after every harvest. 
A)  Plant all potato crops in the same or adjacent fields. 
B)  Plow under potato plants after a harvest to serve as fertilizer for the next crop. 
C)  Allow plants to grow from seeds that blow by chance onto a field. 
D)  Rotate crops so that potato plants fully decompose before another potato crop is started. 
E)  Burn the soil and all plant waste in every field after every harvest.

Question 9

Species are given a distinctive scientific name formed from two Latin names called a

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal. 
B)  biannual. 
C)  normal. 
D)  binomial. 
E)  polynomial. 
A)  minimal. 
B)  biannual. 
C)  normal. 
D)  binomial. 
E)  polynomial.

Question 10

Refer to the figure below.   The figure shows a simple sponge that lives attached to the ocean floor.The sponge consists of an outer layer of epidermal cells, an inner layer of collar cells and amebocytes, and pore cells that allow water to move from the outside to the inside.The water is propelled by the beating of flagella attached to the collar cells on the inside cavity.Collar cells trap food particles that are digested by the amebocytes.A student claims that a simple sponge could be a model organism used to study how multicellular organisms evolved.Which statement best evaluates this student's claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  The student's statement is correct because the sponge lives attached to the ocean floor and would therefore be a model for multicellular plant evolution. 
B)  The student's statement is correct because the sponge demonstrates a simple structure made up of cells that have specialized to serve different functions. 
C)  The student's statement is incorrect because the sponge does not have any recognizable organs or organ systems. 
D)  The student's statement is incorrect because the sponge has only four different types of cells while other multicellular organisms have many more. 
E)  The student's statement cannot be evaluated, because there is not enough information to support or refute the claim. 
A)  The student's statement is correct because the sponge lives attached to the ocean floor and would therefore be a model for multicellular plant evolution. 
B)  The student's statement is correct because the sponge demonstrates a simple structure made up of cells that have specialized to serve different functions. 
C)  The student's statement is incorrect because the sponge does not have any recognizable organs or organ systems. 
D)  The student's statement is incorrect because the sponge has only four different types of cells while other multicellular organisms have many more. 
E)  The student's statement cannot be evaluated, because there is not enough information to support or refute the claim.

Question 11

Which group is most distantly related to protists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Birds 
D)  Fungi 
E)  Mammals 
A)  Plants 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Birds 
D)  Fungi 
E)  Mammals

Question 12

Which is not a characteristic of most living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of internal environment 
B)  One or more cells 
C)  Ability to produce biological molecules 
D)  Ability to extract energy from the environment 
E)  Ability to change traits according to need 
A)  Regulation of internal environment 
B)  One or more cells 
C)  Ability to produce biological molecules 
D)  Ability to extract energy from the environment 
E)  Ability to change traits according to need

Question 13

A biologist hypothesizes that the sounds made by lions at night in the Serengeti are territoriality calls and predicts that two lions inhabiting the same territory will roar even louder.She selects an area inhabited by one lion, records its calls, and plays them back in the same area.She records her observations and notes that the lion does indeed roar more often as a result of this experiment.What would be the next step in the hypothesis-and-prediction method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asking new questions 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction 
A)  Asking new questions 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction

Question 14

A researcher poses the hypothesis that plants grow tallest under a full spectrum of visible light.The researcher runs an experiment in which she plants seeds of the same plant species in pots and places different groups of pots under different lighting conditions.Group 1 receives the full spectrum of visible light, while groups 2 through 6 receive narrow ranges of visible wavelengths of light.All lighting conditions are at the same intensity.The researcher observes that the plants growing tallest are those exposed to blue light.After making these observations, which step is she most likely to carry out next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discard her original hypothesis and formulate a new one. 
B)  Repeat the experiment at a different level of light intensity. 
C)  Discard her question that asks what factors influence plant growth and why. 
D)  Design a follow-up experiment to change soil type and water conditions simultaneously as tests of these variables on plant growth. 
E)  Run a control trial to be sure that a valid conclusion can be made based on the results. 
A)  Discard her original hypothesis and formulate a new one. 
B)  Repeat the experiment at a different level of light intensity. 
C)  Discard her question that asks what factors influence plant growth and why. 
D)  Design a follow-up experiment to change soil type and water conditions simultaneously as tests of these variables on plant growth. 
E)  Run a control trial to be sure that a valid conclusion can be made based on the results.

Question 15

The seed of a desert plant may be dormant for many years without growing, but it is still considered to be alive because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is always converting molecules. 
B)  contains a genome and is capable of growing into a fully functional organism. 
C)  is always regulating its internal environment. 
D)  is reproducing. 
E)  is extracting energy from its environment. 
A)  is always converting molecules. 
B)  contains a genome and is capable of growing into a fully functional organism. 
C)  is always regulating its internal environment. 
D)  is reproducing. 
E)  is extracting energy from its environment.

Question 16

Which is the feature or component of organisms that allows for their success in such a wide variety of environments on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic cells 
B)  Eukaryotic cells 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Adaptation 
E)  Model systems 
A)  Prokaryotic cells 
B)  Eukaryotic cells 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Adaptation 
E)  Model systems

Question 17

A biologist listens to frogs singing at a local pond and hypothesizes that the sounds are mating calls.What would be the next step in the hypothesis-and-prediction method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Controlling an environment 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction 
A)  Controlling an environment 
B)  Making an observation 
C)  Forming a hypothesis 
D)  Making a prediction 
E)  Testing a prediction

Question 18

Diabetes type 1 is a disease in which the hormone insulin is not produced.Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, so when insulin is absent, cells do not take up glucose from the blood.This causes elevated blood glucose levels and leaves cells starved for an energy source.Injecting insulin as needed by these patients is a solution that allows their bodies to maintain a state of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diabetes type 1 is a disease in...

Question 19

A biologist plans to investigate whether different species of mammals have different ranges of body temperature.Evaluate the following information collection procedures, and determine which will be the best to use during this investigation.

Accepted Answer

A)  One measurement will need to be taken from 20 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
B)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
C)  One measurement will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
D)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 20 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
E)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.01F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
A)  One measurement will need to be taken from 20 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
B)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
C)  One measurement will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
D)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 20 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C. 
E)  Multiple measurements will need to be taken from 2 different species, using an instrument that can be read to 0.01F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C.

Question 20

Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise ethical issues for some people.Which application, however, would be rejected by all responsible scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selecting the sex of one's children 
B)  Using stem cells as part of medical treatments 
C)  Modifying the human genome 
D)  Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world ought to be 
E)  Moving genes from one organism to another 
A)  Selecting the sex of one's children 
B)  Using stem cells as part of medical treatments 
C)  Modifying the human genome 
D)  Using scientific knowledge to dictate how the world ought to be 
E)  Moving genes from one organism to another

Exam 1: Studying Life

The critical step for the evolution of life was the

Which feature is the same in muscle cells and gut cells?

Refer to the diagram below showing the evolutionary tree of life. According to the relationships indicated by this phylogeny, which statement is true?

The early organisms that produced the first oxygen gas in Earth's atmosphere were

Which is an example of science?

In the names of organisms, the _______ is placed first and the _______ is placed second.

The three major groups of multicellular eukaryotes are the plants, animals, and fungi.They evolved independently from different groups of unicellular eukaryotes generally known as _______.

Species are given a distinctive scientific name formed from two Latin names called a

Which group is most distantly related to protists?

Which is not a characteristic of most living organisms?

The seed of a desert plant may be dormant for many years without growing, but it is still considered to be alive because it

Which is the feature or component of organisms that allows for their success in such a wide variety of environments on Earth?

A biologist listens to frogs singing at a local pond and hypothesizes that the sounds are mating calls.What would be the next step in the hypothesis-and-prediction method?

A biologist plans to investigate whether different species of mammals have different ranges of body temperature.Evaluate the following information collection procedures, and determine which will be the best to use during this investigation.

Many possible applications of scientific knowledge raise ethical issues for some people.Which application, however, would be rejected by all responsible scientists?

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

In the names of organisms, the _ is placed first and the _ is placed second.