Question 1

A phylogenetic tree

Accepted Answer

A)  shows ecological relationships among different organisms. 
B)  relies on evidence from controlled experiments. 
C)  helps us predict the future challenges facing living organisms. 
D)  shows the order in which populations split and evolved into new species. 
E)  is not subject to change once it has been constructed. 
A)  shows ecological relationships among different organisms. 
B)  relies on evidence from controlled experiments. 
C)  helps us predict the future challenges facing living organisms. 
D)  shows the order in which populations split and evolved into new species. 
E)  is not subject to change once it has been constructed.

Question 2

Evolutionary relationships among living organisms can be determined by comparing

Accepted Answer

A)  their genomes. 
B)  their physiological states. 
C)  their life stages. 
D)  their genders. 
E)  their ages. 
A)  their genomes. 
B)  their physiological states. 
C)  their life stages. 
D)  their genders. 
E)  their ages.

Question 3

Refer to the image below.   Which is the smallest (lowest) level of biological organization that is visible and easily distinguished?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community 
B)  Organism 
C)  Molecule 
D)  Cell 
E)  Population 
A)  Community 
B)  Organism 
C)  Molecule 
D)  Cell 
E)  Population

Question 4

An international commission drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean with the intent of allowing western populations of bluefin tuna to recover from ocean fishing.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The policy had little effect on bluefin populations, as the eastern and western Atlantic populations freely mix. 
B)  Tracking data revealed that bluefin tuna feed across the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Bluefin tuna populations recovered in the western Atlantic Ocean. 
D)  Bluefin fishing was restricted in the western Atlantic Ocean but not in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 
E)  It was initially assumed that bluefin tuna populations had geographically separated feeding grounds. 
A)  The policy had little effect on bluefin populations, as the eastern and western Atlantic populations freely mix. 
B)  Tracking data revealed that bluefin tuna feed across the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Bluefin tuna populations recovered in the western Atlantic Ocean. 
D)  Bluefin fishing was restricted in the western Atlantic Ocean but not in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. 
E)  It was initially assumed that bluefin tuna populations had geographically separated feeding grounds.

Question 5

Which statement about the scientific method is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  After forming a hypothesis, scientists apply deductive logic to make predictions from the hypothesis. 
B)  The most informative experiments are those that have the greatest probability of supporting the hypothesis. 
C)  In a comparative experiment, a scientist compares groups that differ in a variable that has been manipulated in one of the groups and left unaltered in the other group. 
D)  Controlled experiments are valuable when we do not know or cannot control the critical variables. 
E)  A statistical test of a hypothesis starts with the premise that a significant difference exists between the groups in the study. 
A)  After forming a hypothesis, scientists apply deductive logic to make predictions from the hypothesis. 
B)  The most informative experiments are those that have the greatest probability of supporting the hypothesis. 
C)  In a comparative experiment, a scientist compares groups that differ in a variable that has been manipulated in one of the groups and left unaltered in the other group. 
D)  Controlled experiments are valuable when we do not know or cannot control the critical variables. 
E)  A statistical test of a hypothesis starts with the premise that a significant difference exists between the groups in the study.

Question 6

A researcher conducting a field study records the number of eggs laid by female wood ducks in a region over several breeding seasons.The researcher also records observations of wood duck mating and nesting behavior.The measurements of egg numbers are called _______ because they can be subjected to mathematical and statistical methods of analysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher conducting a field study records...

Question 7

Of the following, which is the smallest biological entity that maintains homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecule 
B)  Cell 
C)  Tissue 
D)  Organ 
E)  Organism 
A)  Molecule 
B)  Cell 
C)  Tissue 
D)  Organ 
E)  Organism

Question 8

In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack intracellular compartments referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack...

Question 9

Refer to the table below.   Groups of 50 house flies were kept in three chambers under the same conditions except for temperature.After 4 hours, the number of surviving flies in each chamber was counted and expressed as a percentage of the initial 50 flies.Which is the null hypothesis that would be developed when using statistics to analyze these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  No fly can survive equally well at all temperatures. 
B)  Differences in genetic makeup can explain differences between individual flies in their ability to survive at extreme temperatures. 
C)  Temperature is not the only variable that can affect fly survival rate. 
D)  Some flies are more able to survive extremes in temperature than other flies. 
E)  Differences in percent survival at the different temperatures could be due to random variations in the samples. 
A)  No fly can survive equally well at all temperatures. 
B)  Differences in genetic makeup can explain differences between individual flies in their ability to survive at extreme temperatures. 
C)  Temperature is not the only variable that can affect fly survival rate. 
D)  Some flies are more able to survive extremes in temperature than other flies. 
E)  Differences in percent survival at the different temperatures could be due to random variations in the samples.

Question 10

Homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A)  the mechanism by which organisms acquire nutrients from the environment. 
B)  the maintenance of a narrow range of internal conditions. 
C)  the sensory system of an organism. 
D)  the mechanical movement of molecules from one cellular location to another. 
E)  the maintenance of extracellular fluids. 
A)  the mechanism by which organisms acquire nutrients from the environment. 
B)  the maintenance of a narrow range of internal conditions. 
C)  the sensory system of an organism. 
D)  the mechanical movement of molecules from one cellular location to another. 
E)  the maintenance of extracellular fluids.

Question 11

Populations of organisms have been able to inhabit a wide variety of environments on Earth because they

Accepted Answer

A)  have a genome. 
B)  contain organelles. 
C)  carry out photosynthesis. 
D)  adapt through evolution. 
E)  are similar to model organisms. 
A)  have a genome. 
B)  contain organelles. 
C)  carry out photosynthesis. 
D)  adapt through evolution. 
E)  are similar to model organisms.

Question 12

Which statement about model systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The results of a study of a model system might be extended to humans. 
B)  Much of what we know about the genes that control animal development has come from work on Arabidopsis thaliana. 
C)  Basic understanding of chemical reactions in cells came from research on bacteria. 
D)  The biochemistry of photosynthesis was worked out from experiments on Chlorella. 
E)  Knowledge of how animals develop has come from work on sea urchins. 
A)  The results of a study of a model system might be extended to humans. 
B)  Much of what we know about the genes that control animal development has come from work on Arabidopsis thaliana. 
C)  Basic understanding of chemical reactions in cells came from research on bacteria. 
D)  The biochemistry of photosynthesis was worked out from experiments on Chlorella. 
E)  Knowledge of how animals develop has come from work on sea urchins.

Question 13

Evidence from which type of data supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA structure 
B)  Atmospheric oxygen levels 
C)  Age of oldest fossil 
D)  Mitochondrial function 
E)  Cellular specialization 
A)  DNA structure 
B)  Atmospheric oxygen levels 
C)  Age of oldest fossil 
D)  Mitochondrial function 
E)  Cellular specialization

Question 14

Medical researchers interested in finding effective treatments for human diseases often use mice or rats in their work.The reason for this is that it is unethical to do certain kinds of experiments on humans, and so another animal that has characteristics similar to those of humans is used as a _______ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Medical researchers interested in finding effective treatments...

Question 15

The basic structural and physiological unit of most living organisms is the

Accepted Answer

A)  aggregate. 
B)  organelle. 
C)  genome. 
D)  membrane. 
E)  cell. 
A)  aggregate. 
B)  organelle. 
C)  genome. 
D)  membrane. 
E)  cell.

Question 16

Overfishing in the Atlantic bluefin tuna breeding ground has resulted in a serious decline in the tuna's population.In response, an international commission drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean with the intent of allowing western populations of bluefin tuna to recover by restricting fishing quotas in that hemisphere.Why did this policy fail to achieve the desired result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tracking data showed that the tuna's breeding ground is identical to its feeding ground. 
B)  Tracking data showed that western bluefin tuna feed all across the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Tracking data showed that eastern and western bluefin tuna populations are geographically isolated in terms of their feeding grounds. 
D)  No tuna caught on the eastern side of the line were from the western breeding population. 
E)  All tuna caught on the western side of the line were from the eastern breeding population. 
A)  Tracking data showed that the tuna's breeding ground is identical to its feeding ground. 
B)  Tracking data showed that western bluefin tuna feed all across the Atlantic Ocean. 
C)  Tracking data showed that eastern and western bluefin tuna populations are geographically isolated in terms of their feeding grounds. 
D)  No tuna caught on the eastern side of the line were from the western breeding population. 
E)  All tuna caught on the western side of the line were from the eastern breeding population.

Question 17

The ultimate source of new genetic variation is

Accepted Answer

A)  perfect replication of the genome. 
B)  mating. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  mutations in the genome. 
E)  structural adaptations. 
A)  perfect replication of the genome. 
B)  mating. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  mutations in the genome. 
E)  structural adaptations.

Question 18

The same DNA code is used by Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.However, when the sequences of genes encoding proteins of similar function are compared, certain groups of genes in Eukarya are more similar to those in Archaea than to those in Bacteria, while other groups of genes in Eukarya are more similar to those in Bacteria than to those in Archaea.Which statement is consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The origins of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are all different and unique from one another. 
B)  Archaea and Bacteria have the same common ancestor that differs from the one each shares with Eukarya. 
C)  Eukarya and Bacteria have the same common ancestor, and Eukarya and Archaea have the same common ancestor, but Archaea and Bacteria do not share a common ancestor. 
D)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya represent lineages that came from a single common ancestor. 
E)  Eukarya and Archaea have the same common ancestor that differs from the one each shares with Bacteria. 
A)  The origins of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are all different and unique from one another. 
B)  Archaea and Bacteria have the same common ancestor that differs from the one each shares with Eukarya. 
C)  Eukarya and Bacteria have the same common ancestor, and Eukarya and Archaea have the same common ancestor, but Archaea and Bacteria do not share a common ancestor. 
D)  Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya represent lineages that came from a single common ancestor. 
E)  Eukarya and Archaea have the same common ancestor that differs from the one each shares with Bacteria.

Question 19

A final prerequisite for the survival of life on land was the accumulation of a protective layer of

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 in the atmosphere. 
B)  CO2 in the atmosphere. 
C)  water vapor in the atmosphere. 
D)  O3 in the atmosphere. 
E)  bacteria in the soil. 
A)  O2 in the atmosphere. 
B)  CO2 in the atmosphere. 
C)  water vapor in the atmosphere. 
D)  O3 in the atmosphere. 
E)  bacteria in the soil.

Question 20

A scientist is designing an experiment to test a bacterium's ability to use carbon sources other than glucose for nourishment.She inoculates four different flasks with samples of the bacterium and observes whether the bacteria grow.All of the flasks contain minimal media plus a carbon source.The carbon source is glucose in flask A, arabinose in flask B, galactose in flask C, and lactose in flask D.Flask A is a _______ in this experiment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A scientist is designing an experiment to...

Exam 1: Studying Life

A phylogenetic tree

Evolutionary relationships among living organisms can be determined by comparing

Refer to the image below. Which is the smallest (lowest) level of biological organization that is visible and easily distinguished?

An international commission drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean with the intent of allowing western populations of bluefin tuna to recover from ocean fishing.Which statement is false?

Which statement about the scientific method is true?

Of the following, which is the smallest biological entity that maintains homeostasis?

In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack intracellular compartments referred to as _______.

Homeostasis is

Populations of organisms have been able to inhabit a wide variety of environments on Earth because they

Which statement about model systems is false?

Evidence from which type of data supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

The basic structural and physiological unit of most living organisms is the

The ultimate source of new genetic variation is

A final prerequisite for the survival of life on land was the accumulation of a protective layer of

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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