Question 1

Which are the two main lineages of prokaryotes that diverged early in life's history?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria and Eukarya 
B)  Protista and Bacteria 
C)  Eukarya and Protista 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Archaea and Eukarya 
A)  Bacteria and Eukarya 
B)  Protista and Bacteria 
C)  Eukarya and Protista 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Archaea and Eukarya

Question 2

The Eukarya include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea. 
B)  plants. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  animals. 
E)  protists. 
A)  archaea. 
B)  plants. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  animals. 
E)  protists.

Question 3

A node on a phylogenetic tree represents

Accepted Answer

A)  an extinction event. 
B)  a hybridization event between two variants of a species. 
C)  a common ancestor of two lineages. 
D)  a die-off of a population. 
E)  a new generation. 
A)  an extinction event. 
B)  a hybridization event between two variants of a species. 
C)  a common ancestor of two lineages. 
D)  a die-off of a population. 
E)  a new generation.

Question 4

Modern biological scientific research has greatly increased the cure rate for many diseases.How has biological research improved the development of disease treatments?

Accepted Answer

Biological research has assisted the dev

Question 5

Unmanned space probes are searching for signs of life on Mars.Which of the following would provide the best evidence for the presence of living organisms on Mars?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
B)  Different nucleic acids and amino acids from those found on Earth 
C)  Fatty acid molecules 
D)  Complex molecules containing genetic information 
E)  Simple organic molecules 
A)  Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
B)  Different nucleic acids and amino acids from those found on Earth 
C)  Fatty acid molecules 
D)  Complex molecules containing genetic information 
E)  Simple organic molecules

Question 6

Plants are

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic unicellular aerobes. 
B)  eukaryotic multicellular aerobes. 
C)  eukaryotic multicellular anaerobes. 
D)  prokaryotic unicellular anaerobes. 
E)  prokaryotic multicellular aerobes. 
A)  eukaryotic unicellular aerobes. 
B)  eukaryotic multicellular aerobes. 
C)  eukaryotic multicellular anaerobes. 
D)  prokaryotic unicellular anaerobes. 
E)  prokaryotic multicellular aerobes.

Question 7

In an experiment, researchers subjected frogs to various levels of the herbicide atrazine while keeping all other variables constant.This is an example of a _______ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled 
B)  repeated 
C)  laboratory 
D)  comparative 
E)  biased 
A)  controlled 
B)  repeated 
C)  laboratory 
D)  comparative 
E)  biased

Question 8

A genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  not subject to change. 
B)  usually made of RNA. 
C)  made of proteins. 
D)  the sum of all genetic information in a cell. 
E)  only found in an animal or plant cell. 
A)  not subject to change. 
B)  usually made of RNA. 
C)  made of proteins. 
D)  the sum of all genetic information in a cell. 
E)  only found in an animal or plant cell.

Question 9

Which represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to most complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cell 
B)  Cell, organ, tissue, organism, population, community 
C)  Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community 
D)  Cell, tissue, organ, population, organism, community 
E)  Tissue, organ, cell, population, organism, community 
A)  Community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cell 
B)  Cell, organ, tissue, organism, population, community 
C)  Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community 
D)  Cell, tissue, organ, population, organism, community 
E)  Tissue, organ, cell, population, organism, community

Question 10

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The diversity of life has depended on similar environments and ecological communities around the globe. 
B)  Sexual selection and genetic drift contribute to the diversity of life. 
C)  Earth has existed and changed over a few thousand years, at most. 
D)  All ancestral forms of life were very similar to organisms that currently exist. 
E)  All organisms are closely related genetically. 
A)  The diversity of life has depended on similar environments and ecological communities around the globe. 
B)  Sexual selection and genetic drift contribute to the diversity of life. 
C)  Earth has existed and changed over a few thousand years, at most. 
D)  All ancestral forms of life were very similar to organisms that currently exist. 
E)  All organisms are closely related genetically.

Question 11

Refer to the figure below.   Which is demonstrated in this diagram of the tree of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are three groups of Eukarya. 
B)  Protists and bacteria have no common ancestor. 
C)  Plants and fungi have a more recent common ancestor than plants and animals do. 
D)  Plants, fungi, and animals are descendants of a common eukaryotic ancestor. 
E)  Archaea is the most ancient group in terms of the evolutionary history of all organisms on Earth. 
A)  There are three groups of Eukarya. 
B)  Protists and bacteria have no common ancestor. 
C)  Plants and fungi have a more recent common ancestor than plants and animals do. 
D)  Plants, fungi, and animals are descendants of a common eukaryotic ancestor. 
E)  Archaea is the most ancient group in terms of the evolutionary history of all organisms on Earth.

Question 12

Peeling skin syndrome is a disease in which outer skin tissue peels off in large sheets in affected individuals.This disease has a genetic basis.Research has identified that patients with this disease produce a nonfunctional protein.This protein normally becomes embedded in skin cell membranes and functions in adhesion between cells to hold them together to stabilize skin tissue.Continued investigation into this disease would likely focus on locating the _______ in the gene encoding the nonfunctioning adhesion protein in these patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Peeling skin syndrome is a disease in...

Question 13

After observing that fish live in clean water but not in polluted water, researchers state that "polluted water kills fish." Scientifically, this statement is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  fact. 
B)  observation. 
C)  opinion. 
D)  theory. 
E)  hypothesis. 
A)  fact. 
B)  observation. 
C)  opinion. 
D)  theory. 
E)  hypothesis.

Question 14

Refer to the figure below.   The diagram depicts the life cycle of an organism known as a slime mold, which can be found in temperate forest ecosystems.A slime mold begins as a group of single cells that function independently when nutrients are readily available.However, these cells begin aggregating to form a multicellular slug and then a fruiting body when starved.The fruiting body produces spores and dies after releasing the spores.Provided that they land in a nutrient-rich environment, spores then develop into individual cells that can begin the process over again.Using this information, explain how cell specialization contributes to the biological success of slime molds.

Accepted Answer

The diagram and text indicate that cell

Question 15

Refer to the figure below.   The figure compares data from four different organisms.The data include the first 35 amino acids that make up the protein cytochrome c, which functions in cellular respiration.Each capital letter represents a different amino acid.What do these data indicate about relationships among these four organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  The four organisms are unrelated because each has a unique sequence of amino acids that make up the cytochrome c protein. 
B)  All four organisms have a common origin because the same protein is found in all four with only small differences in structure among the four. 
C)  All four organisms have a common origin because cells in all four contain large and complex biomolecules that carry out metabolic reactions that sustain life. 
D)  Only rattlesnake and dog have a common origin because only their cytochrome c sequences are similar. 
E)  Only wheat is unrelated to the other three, as shown by differences in cytochrome c structures, because wheat is a plant and the others are animals. 
A)  The four organisms are unrelated because each has a unique sequence of amino acids that make up the cytochrome c protein. 
B)  All four organisms have a common origin because the same protein is found in all four with only small differences in structure among the four. 
C)  All four organisms have a common origin because cells in all four contain large and complex biomolecules that carry out metabolic reactions that sustain life. 
D)  Only rattlesnake and dog have a common origin because only their cytochrome c sequences are similar. 
E)  Only wheat is unrelated to the other three, as shown by differences in cytochrome c structures, because wheat is a plant and the others are animals.

Question 16

Which provides evidence of the ability of cells to become specialized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replacing the nucleus in a sheep's cell with the nucleus from a mouse cell results in a cell with characteristics of a mouse cell. 
B)  Cells removed from a multicellular animal can undergo cell division in culture dishes indefinitely when provided a continued source of nutrients. 
C)  Cells from a mouse embryo can be isolated and used to repair an injury in the central nervous system of an adult mouse. 
D)  A virus can infect a human cell and insert some of its DNA into a human chromosome, where it will be replicated and carried along during division of the human cell. 
E)  Mouse cells grown in culture dishes undergo cell division at a slower rate at temperatures colder than 37°C. 
A)  Replacing the nucleus in a sheep's cell with the nucleus from a mouse cell results in a cell with characteristics of a mouse cell. 
B)  Cells removed from a multicellular animal can undergo cell division in culture dishes indefinitely when provided a continued source of nutrients. 
C)  Cells from a mouse embryo can be isolated and used to repair an injury in the central nervous system of an adult mouse. 
D)  A virus can infect a human cell and insert some of its DNA into a human chromosome, where it will be replicated and carried along during division of the human cell. 
E)  Mouse cells grown in culture dishes undergo cell division at a slower rate at temperatures colder than 37°C.

Question 17

The emergence of which of the following is hypothesized to have led to changes in Earth's atmosphere that in turn led to totally new avenues of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction 
B)  Eukarya 
C)  Photosynthesis 
D)  Multicellularity 
E)  Aerobic metabolism 
A)  Sexual reproduction 
B)  Eukarya 
C)  Photosynthesis 
D)  Multicellularity 
E)  Aerobic metabolism

Question 18

Refer to the figure below.   Gregor Mendel observed that some crosses between short and tall pea plants yielded the results shown in the figure.Explain why this observation did not fit with what someone of Mendel's time might have expected, and how this relates to the scientific investigations that Mendel pursued.

Accepted Answer

Someone of Mendel's time would probably

Question 19

New vaccines to protect against the influenza virus are developed every year because of the virus's

Accepted Answer

A)  high rate of infection. 
B)  high rate of evolution. 
C)  long generation time. 
D)  low mutation rate. 
E)  short life span. 
A)  high rate of infection. 
B)  high rate of evolution. 
C)  long generation time. 
D)  low mutation rate. 
E)  short life span.

Question 20

The total of all the information encoded by an organism's genes constitutes its _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The total of all the information encoded...

Exam 1: Studying Life

Which are the two main lineages of prokaryotes that diverged early in life's history?

The Eukarya include all of the following except

A node on a phylogenetic tree represents

Modern biological scientific research has greatly increased the cure rate for many diseases.How has biological research improved the development of disease treatments?

Unmanned space probes are searching for signs of life on Mars.Which of the following would provide the best evidence for the presence of living organisms on Mars?

Plants are

In an experiment, researchers subjected frogs to various levels of the herbicide atrazine while keeping all other variables constant.This is an example of a _______ experiment.

A genome is

Which represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from most simple to most complex?

Which statement is true?

Refer to the figure below. Which is demonstrated in this diagram of the tree of life?

After observing that fish live in clean water but not in polluted water, researchers state that "polluted water kills fish." Scientifically, this statement is an example of a(n)

Which provides evidence of the ability of cells to become specialized?

The emergence of which of the following is hypothesized to have led to changes in Earth's atmosphere that in turn led to totally new avenues of evolution?

New vaccines to protect against the influenza virus are developed every year because of the virus's

The total of all the information encoded by an organism's genes constitutes its _______.

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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