Question 1

Which statement about the evolution of the mitochondrion is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It originated as a prokaryote that detoxified oxygen. 
B)  It originated as a prokaryote that could photosynthesize. 
C)  It was acquired through endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryote. 
D)  Its origins can be traced back to an archaean ancestor. 
E)  It is the result of a secondary endosymbiotic event. 
A)  It originated as a prokaryote that detoxified oxygen. 
B)  It originated as a prokaryote that could photosynthesize. 
C)  It was acquired through endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryote. 
D)  Its origins can be traced back to an archaean ancestor. 
E)  It is the result of a secondary endosymbiotic event.

Question 2

Paramecium uses a precise form of locomotion; by beating its _______, it can move forward or backward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paramecium uses a precise form of locomotion;...

Question 3

Recent research has revealed the presence of cytoskeletal proteins in prokaryotes.Prior to this, it was thought that the cytoskeleton was unique to eukaryotes.Given your knowledge of the evolution of eukaryotes, this new information would support which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes arose at the same time in evolution. 
B)  Prokaryotes evolved from a eukaryotic ancestor. 
C)  The prokaryotic ancestor to eukaryotes had genes for cytoskeletal proteins. 
D)  Prokaryotes are evolving features that are similar to those in eukaryotes. 
E)  Prokaryotes have complex cytoskeletons similar to those found in eukaryotes. 
A)  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes arose at the same time in evolution. 
B)  Prokaryotes evolved from a eukaryotic ancestor. 
C)  The prokaryotic ancestor to eukaryotes had genes for cytoskeletal proteins. 
D)  Prokaryotes are evolving features that are similar to those in eukaryotes. 
E)  Prokaryotes have complex cytoskeletons similar to those found in eukaryotes.

Question 4

Refer to the figure, which shows endosymbiotic events in the evolution of chloroplasts.   After millions of generations, the events in part A of the figure led to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA of the host cell replaced all prokaryotic DNA in the chloroplast. 
B)  The chloroplast retained prokaryotic DNA that codes for proteins in the chloroplast. 
C)  The DNA of the host cell moved to the nucleus of the engulfed cell. 
D)  The chloroplast lost its entire prokaryotic DNA, which was replaced with DNA from the host cell. 
E)  The chloroplast retained its ability to survive outside of the host. 
A)  The DNA of the host cell replaced all prokaryotic DNA in the chloroplast. 
B)  The chloroplast retained prokaryotic DNA that codes for proteins in the chloroplast. 
C)  The DNA of the host cell moved to the nucleus of the engulfed cell. 
D)  The chloroplast lost its entire prokaryotic DNA, which was replaced with DNA from the host cell. 
E)  The chloroplast retained its ability to survive outside of the host.

Question 5

In the cellular slime molds, the onset of adverse conditions causes

Accepted Answer

A)  an aggregation of myxamoebas to form a plasmodium. 
B)  the formation of sporangia. 
C)  the release of swarm cells from fruiting bodies. 
D)  the onset of cytoplasmic streaming. 
E)  an aggregation of myxamoebas to form a slug or pseudoplasmodium. 
A)  an aggregation of myxamoebas to form a plasmodium. 
B)  the formation of sporangia. 
C)  the release of swarm cells from fruiting bodies. 
D)  the onset of cytoplasmic streaming. 
E)  an aggregation of myxamoebas to form a slug or pseudoplasmodium.

Question 6

Amoebas use _______ for locomotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amoebas use _______ for locomotion....

Question 7

After sampling the sediment in a nearby lake, you notice small, symmetrical, photosynthetic eukaryotes floating in your petri dish.After some observation, you see these organisms split in two, prompting you to conclude that they are _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After sampling the sediment in a nearby...

Question 8

Deposits of soil that are rich in silica contain microscopic shells with spines and are often used as insecticides, since the pointed spines perforate tracheae of insects.These shells are most likely to be those of

Accepted Answer

A)  diatoms. 
B)  foraminiferans. 
C)  corals. 
D)  radiolarians. 
E)  alveolates. 
A)  diatoms. 
B)  foraminiferans. 
C)  corals. 
D)  radiolarians. 
E)  alveolates.

Question 9

Which statement concerning malaria is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium invades red blood cells of humans. 
B)  Malaria is caused by Plasmodium when passed to humans in saliva from a mosquito. 
C)  Plasmodium enters the human liver and the lymphatic system, changes form, and multiplies. 
D)  Transformed Plasmodium cells invade red blood cells in the circulatory system. 
E)  Malaria is transmitted from human to human through sexual contact. 
A)  Plasmodium invades red blood cells of humans. 
B)  Malaria is caused by Plasmodium when passed to humans in saliva from a mosquito. 
C)  Plasmodium enters the human liver and the lymphatic system, changes form, and multiplies. 
D)  Transformed Plasmodium cells invade red blood cells in the circulatory system. 
E)  Malaria is transmitted from human to human through sexual contact.

Question 10

Which structures are most likely to facilitate precise locomotion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rows of coordinated cilia 
B)  Contractile vacuoles 
C)  Pseudopods 
D)  Long flagella 
E)  Trichocyts 
A)  Rows of coordinated cilia 
B)  Contractile vacuoles 
C)  Pseudopods 
D)  Long flagella 
E)  Trichocyts

Question 11

What feature of unicellular eukaryotes is associated with breakdown of ingested food materials by acids, particularly in ciliates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosymbiosis 
B)  Nuclear membrane 
C)  Digestive vacuole 
D)  Flexible cell membrane 
E)  Complex cytoskeleton 
A)  Endosymbiosis 
B)  Nuclear membrane 
C)  Digestive vacuole 
D)  Flexible cell membrane 
E)  Complex cytoskeleton

Question 12

Theoretically, a chloroplast obtained by tertiary endosymbiosis would have a maximum of _______ membranes between the center of the chloroplast and the cytoplasm of the host cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theoretically, a chloroplast obtained by tertiary endosymbiosis...

Question 13

_______ were previously believed to have diverged from other eukaryotes early in evolution; however, based on the discovery of mitochondrial genes found in the nucleus, the absence of mitochondria is believed to be a derived condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ were previously believed to have diverged...

Question 14

The locomotor organelles of dinoflagellates occur in the equatorial and longitudinal grooves of the cell.Members of the genus Paramecium have a form of locomotion that is generally more precise than locomotion by dinoflagellates.This is because paramecia use _______ in locomotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella 
B)  trichocysts 
C)  digestive vacuoles 
D)  the oral groove 
E)  rows of cilia 
A)  flagella 
B)  trichocysts 
C)  digestive vacuoles 
D)  the oral groove 
E)  rows of cilia

Question 15

The elimination of _______ would result in the greatest decrease in global oxygen levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  radiolarians 
B)  stramenopiles 
C)  cercozoans 
D)  diatoms 
E)  foraminiferans 
A)  radiolarians 
B)  stramenopiles 
C)  cercozoans 
D)  diatoms 
E)  foraminiferans

Question 16

Which of the following allowed for an increase in surface area relative to volume in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of ribosome-studded internal membranes 
B)  The nuclear membrane 
C)  The digestive vacuole 
D)  A flexible cell membrane 
E)  A more complex cytoskeleton 
A)  The development of ribosome-studded internal membranes 
B)  The nuclear membrane 
C)  The digestive vacuole 
D)  A flexible cell membrane 
E)  A more complex cytoskeleton

Question 17

Your research group has isolated a single photosynthetic species from a marine sample.Interestingly enough, the morphology of the species seems to undergo changes based on the environmental conditions you subject it to.Upon closer inspection, you notice two flagella, one of which is nestled in an equatorial groove.Based on these observations, the organism is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterial endosymbiont that has been taken up by a new host. 
B)  a free-living dinoflagellate that can change lifestyles. 
C)  a member of the stramenopile clade. 
D)  undergoing directed evolution in the laboratory setting. 
E)  undergoing a type of programmed cell death. 
A)  a bacterial endosymbiont that has been taken up by a new host. 
B)  a free-living dinoflagellate that can change lifestyles. 
C)  a member of the stramenopile clade. 
D)  undergoing directed evolution in the laboratory setting. 
E)  undergoing a type of programmed cell death.

Question 18

If all mosquitos were replaced with strains that were resistant to Plasmodium infection, _______ would most likely be eradicated in humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If all mosquitos were replaced with strains...

Question 19

Which of the following is many meters long, photosynthetic, and a protist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sphagnum moss 
B)  Macrocystis, a brown alga 
C)  Slime mold 
D)  Ginkgo tree 
E)  Euglena, one of the excavates 
A)  Sphagnum moss 
B)  Macrocystis, a brown alga 
C)  Slime mold 
D)  Ginkgo tree 
E)  Euglena, one of the excavates

Question 20

Which statement about dinoflagellates is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some can live as endosymbionts in animal cells. 
B)  Their presence in coral is of limited or minor significance to the coral. 
C)  They can be responsible for a red tide. 
D)  Many species are photosynthetic. 
E)  Some red tide species make toxins. 
A)  Some can live as endosymbionts in animal cells. 
B)  Their presence in coral is of limited or minor significance to the coral. 
C)  They can be responsible for a red tide. 
D)  Many species are photosynthetic. 
E)  Some red tide species make toxins.

Exam 26: The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Which statement about the evolution of the mitochondrion is correct?

Paramecium uses a precise form of locomotion; by beating its _______, it can move forward or backward.

Recent research has revealed the presence of cytoskeletal proteins in prokaryotes.Prior to this, it was thought that the cytoskeleton was unique to eukaryotes.Given your knowledge of the evolution of eukaryotes, this new information would support which of the following statements?

Refer to the figure, which shows endosymbiotic events in the evolution of chloroplasts. After millions of generations, the events in part A of the figure led to which of the following?

In the cellular slime molds, the onset of adverse conditions causes

Amoebas use _______ for locomotion.

After sampling the sediment in a nearby lake, you notice small, symmetrical, photosynthetic eukaryotes floating in your petri dish.After some observation, you see these organisms split in two, prompting you to conclude that they are _______.

Deposits of soil that are rich in silica contain microscopic shells with spines and are often used as insecticides, since the pointed spines perforate tracheae of insects.These shells are most likely to be those of

Which statement concerning malaria is false?

Which structures are most likely to facilitate precise locomotion?

What feature of unicellular eukaryotes is associated with breakdown of ingested food materials by acids, particularly in ciliates?

Theoretically, a chloroplast obtained by tertiary endosymbiosis would have a maximum of _______ membranes between the center of the chloroplast and the cytoplasm of the host cell.

_______ were previously believed to have diverged from other eukaryotes early in evolution; however, based on the discovery of mitochondrial genes found in the nucleus, the absence of mitochondria is believed to be a derived condition.

The locomotor organelles of dinoflagellates occur in the equatorial and longitudinal grooves of the cell.Members of the genus Paramecium have a form of locomotion that is generally more precise than locomotion by dinoflagellates.This is because paramecia use _______ in locomotion.

The elimination of _______ would result in the greatest decrease in global oxygen levels.

Which of the following allowed for an increase in surface area relative to volume in eukaryotic cells?

If all mosquitos were replaced with strains that were resistant to Plasmodium infection, _______ would most likely be eradicated in humans.

Which of the following is many meters long, photosynthetic, and a protist?

Which statement about dinoflagellates is false?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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