Question 1

The parasite Plasmodium causes malaria.Humans acquire the parasite from

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing in the mist from a sneeze of an affected human. 
B)  drinking contaminated water. 
C)  bites by the female Anopheles mosquito. 
D)  swimming in a red tide. 
E)  bee stings. 
A)  breathing in the mist from a sneeze of an affected human. 
B)  drinking contaminated water. 
C)  bites by the female Anopheles mosquito. 
D)  swimming in a red tide. 
E)  bee stings.

Question 2

A pharmaceutical company is working on development of a drug that will broadly target diseases caused by trypanosomes.The most effective drug would be one that

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to molecules on their cell surface, preventing entry into the human host. 
B)  that binds to molecules on their cell surface, blocking proliferation by asexual reproduction. 
C)  binds to the kinetoplast, preventing mRNA editing in the mitochondrion. 
D)  that will prevent mitosis from occurring. 
E)  that targets insects, and can be used to eliminate tsetse flies. 
A)  binds to molecules on their cell surface, preventing entry into the human host. 
B)  that binds to molecules on their cell surface, blocking proliferation by asexual reproduction. 
C)  binds to the kinetoplast, preventing mRNA editing in the mitochondrion. 
D)  that will prevent mitosis from occurring. 
E)  that targets insects, and can be used to eliminate tsetse flies.

Question 3

Cellular slime molds possess _______ nuclei while in their vegetative state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cellular slime molds possess _______ nuclei while...

Question 4

Which of the following represents the synapomorphy of the stramenopiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of peptidoglycan between membranes of a chloroplast 
B)  Rows of tubular hairs on the longer of two flagella of unequal size 
C)  Air sacs below the plasma membrane 
D)  A fully parasitic lifestyle 
E)  External shells of calcium carbonate 
A)  The presence of peptidoglycan between membranes of a chloroplast 
B)  Rows of tubular hairs on the longer of two flagella of unequal size 
C)  Air sacs below the plasma membrane 
D)  A fully parasitic lifestyle 
E)  External shells of calcium carbonate

Question 5

You find a fish carcass in a pond with white filaments radiating from it.Back in the lab, you stain the white filaments and observe that their cell walls are made of cellulose.The species you have found would most likely be classified within the

Accepted Answer

A)  rhizarians. 
B)  apicomplexans. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  euglenids. 
E)  oomycetes. 
A)  rhizarians. 
B)  apicomplexans. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  euglenids. 
E)  oomycetes.

Question 6

Refer to the figure.   What type of organism is shown? Justify the reasoning behind your conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The organism an amoebozoan (specifically

Question 7

You are watching a Paramecium in fresh water and see a rounded structure within it enlarge and then suddenly contract as water is expelled.You have just witnessed the

Accepted Answer

A)  food vacuole releasing excess water acquired through eating. 
B)  oral groove expelling water as food is ingested. 
C)  result of ciliary action involved in locomotion. 
D)  contractile vacuole keeping the organism's cytoplasm hypertonic to the environment. 
E)  expulsion of waste produced during digestion. 
A)  food vacuole releasing excess water acquired through eating. 
B)  oral groove expelling water as food is ingested. 
C)  result of ciliary action involved in locomotion. 
D)  contractile vacuole keeping the organism's cytoplasm hypertonic to the environment. 
E)  expulsion of waste produced during digestion.

Question 8

Refer to the figure, which shows genetic recombination by conjugation in paramecia.   As it is shown in the figure, which statement about the conjugation process in paramecia is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The macronuclei in the resulting paramecia are genetically different from the macronuclei in the original paramecia. 
B)  The micronuclei that are exchanged are genetically different from each other. 
C)  Within each individual, the original macronucleus is destroyed. 
D)  The two resulting paramecia have a new combination of alleles that is different from the original. 
E)  The two resulting paramecia are genetically distinct from each other. 
A)  The macronuclei in the resulting paramecia are genetically different from the macronuclei in the original paramecia. 
B)  The micronuclei that are exchanged are genetically different from each other. 
C)  Within each individual, the original macronucleus is destroyed. 
D)  The two resulting paramecia have a new combination of alleles that is different from the original. 
E)  The two resulting paramecia are genetically distinct from each other.

Question 9

Which statement most strongly supports the assertion that multicellularity can evolve relatively easily?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multicellular brown algae are ubiquitous along the shoreline-evidence that multicellularity was a precursor to emerging on land. 
B)  Plasmodial slime molds, an early-diverging group of protists, are multicellular. 
C)  There are relatively few multicellular representatives in the protist clade. 
D)  Experimental studies have shown that in only a few months, multicellularity can be artificially selected for in some normally unicellular eukaryotic species. 
E)  Multicellularity allows for nutrient and gas exchange over a larger surface area. 
A)  Multicellular brown algae are ubiquitous along the shoreline-evidence that multicellularity was a precursor to emerging on land. 
B)  Plasmodial slime molds, an early-diverging group of protists, are multicellular. 
C)  There are relatively few multicellular representatives in the protist clade. 
D)  Experimental studies have shown that in only a few months, multicellularity can be artificially selected for in some normally unicellular eukaryotic species. 
E)  Multicellularity allows for nutrient and gas exchange over a larger surface area.

Question 10

Which of the following use oil for buoyancy and energy storage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brown algae 
B)  Dinoflagellates 
C)  Radiolarians 
D)  Foraminiferans 
E)  Diatoms 
A)  Brown algae 
B)  Dinoflagellates 
C)  Radiolarians 
D)  Foraminiferans 
E)  Diatoms

Question 11

Dinoflagellates possess sacs beneath their plasma membranes and chloroplasts that contain pigments that give them a golden brown color.Dinoflagellates are therefore classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  stramenopiles. 
B)  green algae. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  alveolates. 
E)  euglenids. 
A)  stramenopiles. 
B)  green algae. 
C)  red algae. 
D)  alveolates. 
E)  euglenids.

Question 12

What would be a plausible outcome if cats developed a resistance to Toxoplasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cats would no longer display a fear of dogs, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new cats. 
B)  Cats would remain afraid of dogs, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new cats. 
C)  Rats would no longer display a fear of cats, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new rats. 
D)  Rats would remain afraid of cats, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new rats. 
E)  There would be no change in the behavior of infected rats or cats. 
A)  Cats would no longer display a fear of dogs, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new cats. 
B)  Cats would remain afraid of dogs, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new cats. 
C)  Rats would no longer display a fear of cats, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new rats. 
D)  Rats would remain afraid of cats, because Toxoplasma would be unable to complete its life cycle and infect new rats. 
E)  There would be no change in the behavior of infected rats or cats.

Question 13

Which of the following are protists that affect human health and have insect vectors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain slime molds 
B)  Plasmodium 
C)  Toxoplasma 
D)  Giardia 
E)  Dinoflagellates 
A)  Certain slime molds 
B)  Plasmodium 
C)  Toxoplasma 
D)  Giardia 
E)  Dinoflagellates

Question 14

Some algae demonstrate the phenomenon of alternation of generations, by which a multicellular, diploid, spore-producing organism gives rise to a multicellular, haploid, gamete-producing organism.Which statement about alternation of generations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The haploid and diploid organisms may or may not differ morphologically. 
B)  The haploid and diploid organisms differ genetically. 
C)  Only the haploid organism may also reproduce asexually. 
D)  Haploid gametes can produce new organisms only by fusing with other gametes. 
E)  Diploid sporophytes may undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. 
A)  The haploid and diploid organisms may or may not differ morphologically. 
B)  The haploid and diploid organisms differ genetically. 
C)  Only the haploid organism may also reproduce asexually. 
D)  Haploid gametes can produce new organisms only by fusing with other gametes. 
E)  Diploid sporophytes may undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores.

Question 15

Which statement concerning diatoms is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are responsible for about one-fifth of the photosynthetic carbon fixation on Earth. 
B)  Male gametes have flagella. 
C)  They cause red tides that are toxic to shellfish. 
D)  They are components of marine phytoplankton. 
E)  They store oil for energy and flotation. 
A)  They are responsible for about one-fifth of the photosynthetic carbon fixation on Earth. 
B)  Male gametes have flagella. 
C)  They cause red tides that are toxic to shellfish. 
D)  They are components of marine phytoplankton. 
E)  They store oil for energy and flotation.

Question 16

The three groups of rhizarians are the cercozoans, the foraminiferans, and the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three groups of rhizarians are the...

Question 17

Refer to the figure of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium.   What is occurring at arrows 1 and 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  At arrow 1 spores have been released, and at arrow 3 spores have germinated and have grown into a fruiting body. 
B)  At arrow 1 a single large spore has been released, and at arrow 3 a plasmodium has formed. 
C)  At arrow 1 feeding amoebas have run out of food, and at arrow 3 aggregated amoebas have formed a mobile slug. 
D)  At arrow 1 a large amoeba has hatched from the spore case, and at arrow 3 the amoeba has become mobile. 
E)  At arrow 1 a feeding amoeba has begun searching for food, and at arrow 3 the amoeba has run out of food and started forming a fruiting body. 
A)  At arrow 1 spores have been released, and at arrow 3 spores have germinated and have grown into a fruiting body. 
B)  At arrow 1 a single large spore has been released, and at arrow 3 a plasmodium has formed. 
C)  At arrow 1 feeding amoebas have run out of food, and at arrow 3 aggregated amoebas have formed a mobile slug. 
D)  At arrow 1 a large amoeba has hatched from the spore case, and at arrow 3 the amoeba has become mobile. 
E)  At arrow 1 a feeding amoeba has begun searching for food, and at arrow 3 the amoeba has run out of food and started forming a fruiting body.

Question 18

Which of the following organisms lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diplomonads 
B)  Choanoflagellates 
C)  Red algae 
D)  Euglenids 
E)  Foraminiferans 
A)  Diplomonads 
B)  Choanoflagellates 
C)  Red algae 
D)  Euglenids 
E)  Foraminiferans

Question 19

When ancestral photosynthetic euglenids obtained their chloroplasts, the result was a chloroplast surrounded by three membranes.This is evidence of acquisition of the chloroplast by

Accepted Answer

A)  primary endosymbiosis. 
B)  secondary endosymbiosis, retaining the chloroplast from a green alga. 
C)  secondary endosymbiosis, retaining the chloroplast from a plant. 
D)  tertiary endosymbiosis. 
E)  quaternary endosymbiosis. 
A)  primary endosymbiosis. 
B)  secondary endosymbiosis, retaining the chloroplast from a green alga. 
C)  secondary endosymbiosis, retaining the chloroplast from a plant. 
D)  tertiary endosymbiosis. 
E)  quaternary endosymbiosis.

Question 20

Outline the logical steps necessary for the evolution of the modern eukaryotic cell.Justify the order in which you believe these events took place.

Accepted Answer

The cell wall of the prokaryotic archaea

Exam 26: The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The parasite Plasmodium causes malaria.Humans acquire the parasite from

A pharmaceutical company is working on development of a drug that will broadly target diseases caused by trypanosomes.The most effective drug would be one that

Cellular slime molds possess _______ nuclei while in their vegetative state.

Which of the following represents the synapomorphy of the stramenopiles?

You find a fish carcass in a pond with white filaments radiating from it.Back in the lab, you stain the white filaments and observe that their cell walls are made of cellulose.The species you have found would most likely be classified within the

Refer to the figure. What type of organism is shown? Justify the reasoning behind your conclusion.

You are watching a Paramecium in fresh water and see a rounded structure within it enlarge and then suddenly contract as water is expelled.You have just witnessed the

Refer to the figure, which shows genetic recombination by conjugation in paramecia. As it is shown in the figure, which statement about the conjugation process in paramecia is false?

Which statement most strongly supports the assertion that multicellularity can evolve relatively easily?

Which of the following use oil for buoyancy and energy storage?

Dinoflagellates possess sacs beneath their plasma membranes and chloroplasts that contain pigments that give them a golden brown color.Dinoflagellates are therefore classified as

What would be a plausible outcome if cats developed a resistance to Toxoplasma?

Which of the following are protists that affect human health and have insect vectors?

Some algae demonstrate the phenomenon of alternation of generations, by which a multicellular, diploid, spore-producing organism gives rise to a multicellular, haploid, gamete-producing organism.Which statement about alternation of generations is false?

Which statement concerning diatoms is false?

The three groups of rhizarians are the cercozoans, the foraminiferans, and the _______.

Refer to the figure of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium. What is occurring at arrows 1 and 3?

Which of the following organisms lack mitochondria?

When ancestral photosynthetic euglenids obtained their chloroplasts, the result was a chloroplast surrounded by three membranes.This is evidence of acquisition of the chloroplast by

Outline the logical steps necessary for the evolution of the modern eukaryotic cell.Justify the order in which you believe these events took place.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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