Question 1

Which of the following best describes the visual processing that occurs within the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impulses are processed within individual photoreceptors and then travel to the brain. 
B)  Light signals are processed in the first layer of retinal cells the light hits, and the signal from these is passed on to the bipolar cells. 
C)  Signals pass directly from photoreceptor cells to ganglion cells. 
D)  Action potentials in photoreceptor cells directly affect both bipolar cells and ganglion cells. 
E)  A complex pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells determines the activation of ganglion cells. 
A)  Impulses are processed within individual photoreceptors and then travel to the brain. 
B)  Light signals are processed in the first layer of retinal cells the light hits, and the signal from these is passed on to the bipolar cells. 
C)  Signals pass directly from photoreceptor cells to ganglion cells. 
D)  Action potentials in photoreceptor cells directly affect both bipolar cells and ganglion cells. 
E)  A complex pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells determines the activation of ganglion cells.

Question 2

The diencephalon contains two important structures that coordinate information of all types.The thalamus is the relay station for information going to the cerebrum, whereas the _______ uses information it receives to regulate physiological functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diencephalon contains two important structures that...

Question 3

Refer to the table below.Match the correct parts of the forebrain to their function listed in the table.The order should be from first row to last row.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amygdala; hypothalamus; hippocampus; thalamus 
B)  Limbic system; thalamus; amygdala; hippocampus 
C)  Hypothalamus; amygdala; thalamus; reticular-activating system 
D)  Thalamus; hypothalamus; amygdala; hippocampus 
E)  Thalamus; hypothalamus; reticular-activating system; limbic system 
A)  Amygdala; hypothalamus; hippocampus; thalamus 
B)  Limbic system; thalamus; amygdala; hippocampus 
C)  Hypothalamus; amygdala; thalamus; reticular-activating system 
D)  Thalamus; hypothalamus; amygdala; hippocampus 
E)  Thalamus; hypothalamus; reticular-activating system; limbic system

Question 4

Whether repeating a heard word or speaking a written word, _______ is the last brain area in each pathway.

Accepted Answer

the primar

Question 5

Efferent pathways that are involuntary are also called the _______ division of the peripheral nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Efferent pathways that are involuntary are also...

Question 6

Which of the following would not result from stimulating parasympathetic nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of pupils 
B)  Contraction of urinary bladder 
C)  Inhibition of stomach motility 
D)  Constriction of airways 
E)  Increased uptake of glucose 
A)  Constriction of pupils 
B)  Contraction of urinary bladder 
C)  Inhibition of stomach motility 
D)  Constriction of airways 
E)  Increased uptake of glucose

Question 7

_______ cells are neurons in the visual cortex that receive input from both the left and right eye.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ cells are neurons in the visual...

Question 8

Receptive fields have a center and concentric surround that stimulate the firing of action potentials in opposition to one another.Given this arrangement, the response and pattern of firing would you expect from an off-center retinal ganglion cell when a spot of light hits the center of its receptive field is that the ganglion cell would

Accepted Answer

A)  be excited and would decrease its firing rate. 
B)  be inhibited and would increase its firing rate. 
C)  increase its firing rate, even though the photoreceptors would be inhibited. 
D)  be excited and its firing rate would increase. 
E)  be inhibited, and its firing rate would decrease. 
A)  be excited and would decrease its firing rate. 
B)  be inhibited and would increase its firing rate. 
C)  increase its firing rate, even though the photoreceptors would be inhibited. 
D)  be excited and its firing rate would increase. 
E)  be inhibited, and its firing rate would decrease.

Question 9

Damage to which of the following structures could impair spatial memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothalamus 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Amygdala 
D)  Brainstem 
E)  Hippocampus 
A)  Hypothalamus 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Amygdala 
D)  Brainstem 
E)  Hippocampus

Question 10

A person makes several word-like sounds but does not form sensible speech or understand spoken or written language.This person may have sustained damage to _______, which is crucial for _______ of speech.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wernicke's area; motor aspects 
B)  Wernicke's area; sensory aspects 
C)  Broca's area; motor aspects 
D)  Broca's area; sensory aspects 
E)  the angular gyrus; written and spoken integration 
A)  Wernicke's area; motor aspects 
B)  Wernicke's area; sensory aspects 
C)  Broca's area; motor aspects 
D)  Broca's area; sensory aspects 
E)  the angular gyrus; written and spoken integration

Question 11

Electroencephalograms measure the activity

Accepted Answer

A)  that exists between neurons and muscles. 
B)  of large numbers of neurons in the brain. 
C)  of eye movements while asleep. 
D)  of body temperature during sleep‒wake cycles. 
E)  of single cells. 
A)  that exists between neurons and muscles. 
B)  of large numbers of neurons in the brain. 
C)  of eye movements while asleep. 
D)  of body temperature during sleep‒wake cycles. 
E)  of single cells.

Question 12

Choose the incorrect match between adult structure, function, and embryonic brain region from which the structure developed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thalamus; functions as a relay station for sensory information; forebrain 
B)  Hypothalamus; regulates many physiological functions; forebrain 
C)  Cerebrum; functions in learning and memory; forebrain. 
D)  Cerebellum; maintains balance; hindbrain. 
E)  Pons; controls anger; hindbrain 
A)  Thalamus; functions as a relay station for sensory information; forebrain 
B)  Hypothalamus; regulates many physiological functions; forebrain 
C)  Cerebrum; functions in learning and memory; forebrain. 
D)  Cerebellum; maintains balance; hindbrain. 
E)  Pons; controls anger; hindbrain

Question 13

The receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell results from a pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells.Which of the following demonstrates the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to an on-center retinal ganglion cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  When light covers the entire receptive field, it has very little effect on the firing rate of the ganglion cell for that receptive field. 
B)  When light falls only on the center of the receptive field, action potentials are maximally induced. 
C)  Where there is no light exposure, action potentials are infrequent. 
D)  When light reaches only the surround of the receptive field, action potentials are absent. 
E)  When light covers the entire receptive field, action potentials are absent. 
A)  When light covers the entire receptive field, it has very little effect on the firing rate of the ganglion cell for that receptive field. 
B)  When light falls only on the center of the receptive field, action potentials are maximally induced. 
C)  Where there is no light exposure, action potentials are infrequent. 
D)  When light reaches only the surround of the receptive field, action potentials are absent. 
E)  When light covers the entire receptive field, action potentials are absent.

Question 14

_______ memory is almost perfectly photographic.

Accepted Answer

A)  Immediate 
B)  Short-term 
C)  Long-term 
D)  Declarative 
E)  Intermediate-term 
A)  Immediate 
B)  Short-term 
C)  Long-term 
D)  Declarative 
E)  Intermediate-term

Exam 46: The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Which of the following best describes the visual processing that occurs within the retina?

The diencephalon contains two important structures that coordinate information of all types.The thalamus is the relay station for information going to the cerebrum, whereas the _______ uses information it receives to regulate physiological functions.

Refer to the table below.Match the correct parts of the forebrain to their function listed in the table.The order should be from first row to last row.

Whether repeating a heard word or speaking a written word, _______ is the last brain area in each pathway.

Efferent pathways that are involuntary are also called the _______ division of the peripheral nervous system.

Which of the following would not result from stimulating parasympathetic nerves?

_______ cells are neurons in the visual cortex that receive input from both the left and right eye.

Damage to which of the following structures could impair spatial memory?

A person makes several word-like sounds but does not form sensible speech or understand spoken or written language.This person may have sustained damage to _______, which is crucial for _______ of speech.

Electroencephalograms measure the activity

Choose the incorrect match between adult structure, function, and embryonic brain region from which the structure developed.

The receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell results from a pattern of synapses between photoreceptors, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells.Which of the following demonstrates the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to an on-center retinal ganglion cell?

_______ memory is almost perfectly photographic.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

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A person makes several word-like sounds but does not form sensible speech or understand spoken or written language.This person may have sustained damage to _, which is crucial for _ of speech.