Question 1

Humans have two front-facing eyes that see overlapping, but slightly different, visual fields, resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)  on-center vision. 
B)  off-center vision. 
C)  the ability to see on all sides. 
D)  a lack of depth perception. 
E)  binocular vision. 
A)  on-center vision. 
B)  off-center vision. 
C)  the ability to see on all sides. 
D)  a lack of depth perception. 
E)  binocular vision.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct pathway for the flow of visual information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eye, optic chiasm, thalamus, occipital lobe 
B)  Eye, thalamus, optic chiasm, occipital lobe 
C)  Eye, optic chiasm, occipital lobe, thalamus 
D)  Eye, occipital lobe, optic chiasm, thalamus 
E)  Eye, thalamus, occipital lobe, optic chiasm 
A)  Eye, optic chiasm, thalamus, occipital lobe 
B)  Eye, thalamus, optic chiasm, occipital lobe 
C)  Eye, optic chiasm, occipital lobe, thalamus 
D)  Eye, occipital lobe, optic chiasm, thalamus 
E)  Eye, thalamus, occipital lobe, optic chiasm

Question 3

Which of the following would not result from stimulation of parasympathetic nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pupil of the eye constricts 
B)  Salivation increases 
C)  Heartbeat slows 
D)  Airways constrict 
E)  Activity of intestines decreases 
A)  Pupil of the eye constricts 
B)  Salivation increases 
C)  Heartbeat slows 
D)  Airways constrict 
E)  Activity of intestines decreases

Question 4

All of the following characterize the human brain except:

Accepted Answer

A)  highest percentage of cortex devoted to integration of information. 
B)  brain mass above the regression line in the plot of brain mass versus body mass for mammals. 
C)  highest percentage of cortex that is association cortex. 
D)  highly convoluted cerebral cortex. 
E)  largest brain size. 
A)  highest percentage of cortex devoted to integration of information. 
B)  brain mass above the regression line in the plot of brain mass versus body mass for mammals. 
C)  highest percentage of cortex that is association cortex. 
D)  highly convoluted cerebral cortex. 
E)  largest brain size.

Question 5

During _______ sleep, we experience vivid dreams and are capable of cortical processing of thoughts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During _______ sleep, we experience vivid dreams...

Question 6

The _______ is an involution of the cerebral cortex located between the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.It receives diverse afferent information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ is an involution of the...

Question 7

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from a person who is awake and in different stages of sleep.Which of the following EEG recordings represents the period when bursts of action potentials fired by cells of the cortex are most synchronized over large areas, resulting in the slow-wave pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Awake 
B)  Non-REM Stage 1 
C)  Non-REM Stage 2 
D)  Non-REM Stage 3 
E)  REM 
A)  Awake 
B)  Non-REM Stage 1 
C)  Non-REM Stage 2 
D)  Non-REM Stage 3 
E)  REM

Question 8

Despite the lateralization of language to one cerebral hemisphere, the brain depends on the experience of the other hemisphere for full language function.This information travels between the hemispheres via the

Accepted Answer

A)  gray matter. 
B)  temporal lobe. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  brainstem. 
A)  gray matter. 
B)  temporal lobe. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  corpus callosum. 
E)  brainstem.

Question 9

Which of the following does not characterize the insular cortex in humans and great apes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damage results in increased sexual responsiveness. 
B)  It is greatly expanded in species that can recognize themselves in a mirror. 
C)  It has circuitry that communicates with parts of the brain involved in planning. 
D)  It is activated by situations that evoke intense feelings. 
E)  Along with its circuitry, it may be the neurobiological basis for self-awareness. 
A)  Damage results in increased sexual responsiveness. 
B)  It is greatly expanded in species that can recognize themselves in a mirror. 
C)  It has circuitry that communicates with parts of the brain involved in planning. 
D)  It is activated by situations that evoke intense feelings. 
E)  Along with its circuitry, it may be the neurobiological basis for self-awareness.

Question 10

The _______ is located in the frontal lobe cortex, just in front of the central sulcus.

Accepted Answer

primary mo

Question 11

Evolutionary change has resulted in the brains of some vertebrate species being larger than would be predicted based on their body size.The larger brain size is mostly due to an increase in surface area and is made possible by the convolutions of the cerebral cortex.This contributes primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cognitive capacity. 
B)  increased running ability. 
C)  decreased energy needs. 
D)  less association cortex. 
E)  a larger brainstem. 
A)  increased cognitive capacity. 
B)  increased running ability. 
C)  decreased energy needs. 
D)  less association cortex. 
E)  a larger brainstem.

Question 12

Language abilities are lateralized and are located in

Accepted Answer

A)  one cerebral hemisphere, usually the left. 
B)  one cerebral hemisphere, usually the right. 
C)  both hemispheres equally. 
D)  the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere. 
E)  the thalamus. 
A)  one cerebral hemisphere, usually the left. 
B)  one cerebral hemisphere, usually the right. 
C)  both hemispheres equally. 
D)  the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere. 
E)  the thalamus.

Question 13

The ascending pathways of the reticular activating system in the brainstem promote wakefulness.If a person's spinal cord is damaged below the level of this area,

Accepted Answer

A)  the person will be awake more than usual. 
B)  the person will be in a coma. 
C)  the person will be unable to sleep normal amounts of time. 
D)  the person's sleep‒wake cycles will be reversed. 
E)  paralysis can result, but there will be no effect on the person's sleep‒wake cycles. 
A)  the person will be awake more than usual. 
B)  the person will be in a coma. 
C)  the person will be unable to sleep normal amounts of time. 
D)  the person's sleep‒wake cycles will be reversed. 
E)  paralysis can result, but there will be no effect on the person's sleep‒wake cycles.

Question 14

Axons from neurons in the _______ of the brainstem extend to the thalamus and cerebral cortex, where they release neurotransmitters that maintain responsiveness of the brain when we are awake.

Accepted Answer

reticular

Question 15

A sleeping dog with erratic eye movements behind closed eyes and twitching legs is most likely in the midst of _______ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 Non-REM 
B)  stage 2 Non-REM 
C)  slow-wave 
D)  REM 
E)  stage 3 Non-REM 
A)  stage 1 Non-REM 
B)  stage 2 Non-REM 
C)  slow-wave 
D)  REM 
E)  stage 3 Non-REM

Question 16

Which pathway is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconscious efferents to central nervous system to autonomic afferents 
B)  Unconscious afferents to peripheral nervous system to autonomic efferents 
C)  Conscious afferents to peripheral nervous system to voluntary efferents 
D)  Voluntary efferents to central nervous system to conscious afferents 
E)  Unconscious afferents to central nervous system to autonomic efferents 
A)  Unconscious efferents to central nervous system to autonomic afferents 
B)  Unconscious afferents to peripheral nervous system to autonomic efferents 
C)  Conscious afferents to peripheral nervous system to voluntary efferents 
D)  Voluntary efferents to central nervous system to conscious afferents 
E)  Unconscious afferents to central nervous system to autonomic efferents

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   The figure shows electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from a person who is awake and in different stages of sleep.Which of the following explains why EEG recordings show similar patterns when a person is awake and in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  At least some brainstem nuclei are active in both phases. 
B)  Synchronized bursts of action potentials occur over broad areas of cortex during both phases. 
C)  Eye movements are similar in both phases. 
D)  The amounts of time that humans spend awake and in REM sleep are similar. 
E)  Activity of motor pathways is the same in both phases. 
A)  At least some brainstem nuclei are active in both phases. 
B)  Synchronized bursts of action potentials occur over broad areas of cortex during both phases. 
C)  Eye movements are similar in both phases. 
D)  The amounts of time that humans spend awake and in REM sleep are similar. 
E)  Activity of motor pathways is the same in both phases.

Question 18

Voluntary efferents are part of the _______ nervous system and carry information _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  central; from sensory receptor cells 
B)  enteric; from endocrine glands 
C)  peripheral; related to physiological controls 
D)  peripheral; to skeletal muscles 
E)  central; to skeletal muscles 
A)  central; from sensory receptor cells 
B)  enteric; from endocrine glands 
C)  peripheral; related to physiological controls 
D)  peripheral; to skeletal muscles 
E)  central; to skeletal muscles

Question 19

After receiving visual information, retinal ganglion cells send this information via action potentials to the thalamus and ultimately to the

Accepted Answer

A)  visual cortex of the occipital lobe. 
B)  primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe. 
C)  pre-motor cortex of the frontal lobe. 
D)  optic chiasm. 
E)  rods and cones. 
A)  visual cortex of the occipital lobe. 
B)  primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe. 
C)  pre-motor cortex of the frontal lobe. 
D)  optic chiasm. 
E)  rods and cones.

Question 20

All of the following are functions of the afferent portion of the peripheral nervous system except

Accepted Answer

A)  carrying information from sensory receptor cells to the central nervous system. 
B)  carrying information of which we are conscious. 
C)  carrying information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. 
D)  carrying some information of which we are not conscious. 
E)  carrying physiological information. 
A)  carrying information from sensory receptor cells to the central nervous system. 
B)  carrying information of which we are conscious. 
C)  carrying information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. 
D)  carrying some information of which we are not conscious. 
E)  carrying physiological information.

Exam 46: The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Humans have two front-facing eyes that see overlapping, but slightly different, visual fields, resulting in

Which of the following is the correct pathway for the flow of visual information?

Which of the following would not result from stimulation of parasympathetic nerves?

All of the following characterize the human brain except:

During _______ sleep, we experience vivid dreams and are capable of cortical processing of thoughts.

The _______ is an involution of the cerebral cortex located between the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.It receives diverse afferent information.

Despite the lateralization of language to one cerebral hemisphere, the brain depends on the experience of the other hemisphere for full language function.This information travels between the hemispheres via the

Which of the following does not characterize the insular cortex in humans and great apes?

The _______ is located in the frontal lobe cortex, just in front of the central sulcus.

Evolutionary change has resulted in the brains of some vertebrate species being larger than would be predicted based on their body size.The larger brain size is mostly due to an increase in surface area and is made possible by the convolutions of the cerebral cortex.This contributes primarily to

Language abilities are lateralized and are located in

The ascending pathways of the reticular activating system in the brainstem promote wakefulness.If a person's spinal cord is damaged below the level of this area,

Axons from neurons in the _______ of the brainstem extend to the thalamus and cerebral cortex, where they release neurotransmitters that maintain responsiveness of the brain when we are awake.

A sleeping dog with erratic eye movements behind closed eyes and twitching legs is most likely in the midst of _______ sleep.

Which pathway is correct?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from a person who is awake and in different stages of sleep.Which of the following explains why EEG recordings show similar patterns when a person is awake and in REM sleep?

Voluntary efferents are part of the _______ nervous system and carry information _______.

After receiving visual information, retinal ganglion cells send this information via action potentials to the thalamus and ultimately to the

All of the following are functions of the afferent portion of the peripheral nervous system except

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

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Voluntary efferents are part of the _ nervous system and carry information _.