Exam 4: Section 2: Learning

Suppose Kara spends more time playing outside than she does cleaning her room. Kara's mother decides to allow Kara to play outside only if she cleans her room first. Kara's mother is applying _____, which states that she can use the chance to perform a frequent behavior to reinforce a less frequent behavior.

A rat is in an operant chamber and learns that a pellet of food will be delivered only when a bar is pressed following the sounding of a high-pitched tone. In this example, the _____ would be considered the discriminative stimulus.

Which is the BEST example of positive punishment?

Susan's cats begin to salivate when she shakes their box of kitty treats. When Susan first began shaking the box, the noise from the box would have been considered a(n) _____ stimulus. After conditioning had occurred, the noise from the box would be considered a(n) _____ stimulus.

The Yerkes-Dodson law is related to which of the following theories of motivation?

Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response?

Scientists who study the effects of media violence on aggressive behavior have concluded that _____.

Which of the following responses to the pleasure Justin receives from playing the violin would MOST likely produce the overjustification effect?

Which of the following can explain why it is easier to condition an animal to perform a natural behavior than a less natural one?

It is easier for humans to develop a fear of snakes than to develop a fear of flowers, which BEST illustrates _____.

In the Little Albert study, the loud noise was the _____.

Which term does NOT belong with the others?

Three groups of rats were involved in an investigation of maze learning. In one group, food was always available at the end of the maze (daily reinforcement). In a second group, food was never available (no reinforcement). In a third group, food was available starting on the eleventh trial (reinforcement eleventh day). Which of the following accurately describes the results of this investigation?

To get his mother's attention, 6-year-old Jacob starts acting like a baby. Whenever he does so, his mother responds angrily, saying, "Stop that! Act your age." However, a little while later, Jacob repeats his babyish behavior. In this example, his mother's response serves as _____.

Albert Bandura's investigation of observational learning demonstrated that children _____.

In a _____ schedule, the number of responses it takes to obtain a reinforcer changes on each trial, but averages out to a certain number over many trials.

Lana's dog Echo barks when the phone or doorbell rings. To train Echo only to bark when the doorbell rings, she gives him a treat when he does so. She does not give him a treat when he barks at a ringing phone. Lana is using _____ conditioning to train Echo, using the learning process of stimulus _____.

Which is (are) TRUE of operant conditioning?

Positive punishment decreases a behavior by _____ an _____ stimulus.

Frank begins training his dog Sigmund to bring him the newspaper by giving Sigmund a treat when the dog goes to the door. During successive attempts at training, he rewards Sigmund with a treat when the dog sniffs the newspaper, picks up the newspaper in his mouth, and brings the newspaper to Frank. In this example, Frank is training his dog using which of the following?