Exam 6: D: Learning

As she walked through her neighbourhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any colour or size.This illustrates which of the following?

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder,the dog salivated.The meat powder was the ________ and salivation was the ________.

The spread of conditioning to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is called

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is __________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

In classical conditioning,the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response even without new learning is called the

The apparatus that has come to symbolize the theory of operant conditioning is the

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the

New learning that works in the opposite direction from the original learning results in ________.

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways--with his paws and with his teeth.The last method worked and the first did not;hence,the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut.This observation illustrates the

Shaping is achieved through

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment),what was the US?