Question 1

Correlations detect:

Accepted Answer

A) the power of a measure. 
B) patterns of variation in a series of measurements. 
C) patterns of selection in a varied population. 
D) sources of unsystematic error in a data set. 
A) the power of a measure. 
B) patterns of variation in a series of measurements. 
C) patterns of selection in a varied population. 
D) sources of unsystematic error in a data set.

Question 2

A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) experiment. 
B) operational definition. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) valid measure. 
A) experiment. 
B) operational definition. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) valid measure.

Question 3

Which number represents the STRONGEST correlation coefficient (r)?

Accepted Answer

A) -.5 
B) .4 
C) -.1 
D) 2.0 
A) -.5 
B) .4 
C) -.1 
D) 2.0

Question 4

Which statement regarding deception in psychological research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Deception cannot be used. 
B) Deception is a standard practice to minimize demand characteristics and does not need to be justified. 
C) Deception cannot be used if it puts participants at risk of harm or pain. 
D) Deception involving exposure to harm or pain is only justified if debriefing is provided. 
A) Deception cannot be used. 
B) Deception is a standard practice to minimize demand characteristics and does not need to be justified. 
C) Deception cannot be used if it puts participants at risk of harm or pain. 
D) Deception involving exposure to harm or pain is only justified if debriefing is provided.

Question 5

When the _____ variable is manipulated,at least _____ group(s)is/are created.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent;one 
B) dependent;two 
C) independent;one 
D) independent;two 
A) dependent;one 
B) dependent;two 
C) independent;one 
D) independent;two

Question 6

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed,a phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

A) unpredictability. 
B) variability. 
C) complexity. 
D) reactivity. 
A) unpredictability. 
B) variability. 
C) complexity. 
D) reactivity.

Question 7

Participants in one study (Lord,Ross,& Lepper,1979)were first asked about their beliefs regarding the death penalty,and then they were provided with evidence both for and against it.After studying these materials,beliefs about the death penalty were reassessed.This study found that participants:

Accepted Answer

A) reported that their original beliefs were weakened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate. 
B) were more likely to favor the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs. 
C) were more likely to oppose the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs. 
D) reported that their original beliefs were strengthened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate. 
A) reported that their original beliefs were weakened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate. 
B) were more likely to favor the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs. 
C) were more likely to oppose the death penalty,regardless of their original beliefs. 
D) reported that their original beliefs were strengthened after evaluating arguments on both sides of the debate.

Question 8

A group of five college students form a study group for their introductory psychology class.They study diligently and for much longer hours than the typical student.These five students are in the same introductory psychology class with 25 other students.If a frequency distribution is taken of study hours,the distribution probably will be:

Accepted Answer

A) normal. 
B) bimodal. 
C) negatively skewed. 
D) positively skewed. 
A) normal. 
B) bimodal. 
C) negatively skewed. 
D) positively skewed.

Question 9

Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:

Accepted Answer

A) demand characteristics in each group are minimized. 
B) an independent variable is manipulated in each group. 
C) groups do not differ on variables not of interest. 
D) a correlation does not exist between the independent and dependent variable. 
A) demand characteristics in each group are minimized. 
B) an independent variable is manipulated in each group. 
C) groups do not differ on variables not of interest. 
D) a correlation does not exist between the independent and dependent variable.

Question 10

Which statement is an unfalsifiable psychological claim?

Accepted Answer

A) Teenagers are more sexually active than their parents tend to believe they are. 
B) People are less likely to help a stranger in need as the number of other bystanders increases. 
C) The hippocampus is a brain structure critically involved in the formation of long-term memories. 
D) Part of the human unconscious is the id,an unobservable entity that governs basic human drives. 
A) Teenagers are more sexually active than their parents tend to believe they are. 
B) People are less likely to help a stranger in need as the number of other bystanders increases. 
C) The hippocampus is a brain structure critically involved in the formation of long-term memories. 
D) Part of the human unconscious is the id,an unobservable entity that governs basic human drives.

Question 11

Wally wants to see if room temperature affects happiness.He invites participants to the laboratory,where half are seated for 20 minutes in a booth held at a constant 68 degrees,and the other half are seated in an identical booth for 20 minutes at a constant 88 degrees.Wally then asks members of each group to rate their level of happiness.What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of participants 
B) the elapsed time 
C) the temperature of the booths 
D) the rating of happiness 
A) the number of participants 
B) the elapsed time 
C) the temperature of the booths 
D) the rating of happiness

Question 12

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.The participants who encoded information in the quiet room constitute the:

Accepted Answer

A) independent variable. 
B) dependent variable. 
C) experimental group. 
D) control group. 
A) independent variable. 
B) dependent variable. 
C) experimental group. 
D) control group.

Question 13

_____ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _____ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

Accepted Answer

A) Methodology;empiricism 
B) Dogmatism;empiricism 
C) Empiricism;dogmatism 
D) Empiricism;methodology 
A) Methodology;empiricism 
B) Dogmatism;empiricism 
C) Empiricism;dogmatism 
D) Empiricism;methodology

Question 14

As a feature of ethical research,the term just refers to which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Risks and benefits should be distributed fairly to participants. 
B) Deception should not be used. 
C) Researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to participants. 
D) Researchers should obtain an informed consent from participants. 
A) Risks and benefits should be distributed fairly to participants. 
B) Deception should not be used. 
C) Researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to participants. 
D) Researchers should obtain an informed consent from participants.

Question 15

A psychiatrist is interested in comparing two different drugs to treat depression in a sample of patients.Because the drugs may differ both in terms of their effectiveness and in terms of side effects,patients are randomly assigned to the two drug conditions.Randomly assigning patients to groups satisfies which feature of ethical research?

Accepted Answer

A) external validity 
B) beneficence 
C) being just 
D) respecting people 
A) external validity 
B) beneficence 
C) being just 
D) respecting people

Question 16

The tendency for a measure to produce different results when the quantity measured changes only slightly is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) power. 
C) validity. 
D) reactivity. 
A) differentiation. 
B) power. 
C) validity. 
D) reactivity.

Question 17

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,what is the range?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 1 
D) 8 
A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 1 
D) 8

Question 18

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychologists must make reasonable efforts to minimize distress to animals. 
B) Psychologists must not expose animals to painful stimuli. 
C) Surgical procedures should be conducted by qualified personnel,and animals must be under appropriate anesthesia. 
D) All research involving animals must be supervised by psychologists who are trained in research methods and the care and use of animals in research. 
A) Psychologists must make reasonable efforts to minimize distress to animals. 
B) Psychologists must not expose animals to painful stimuli. 
C) Surgical procedures should be conducted by qualified personnel,and animals must be under appropriate anesthesia. 
D) All research involving animals must be supervised by psychologists who are trained in research methods and the care and use of animals in research.

Question 19

Professor Kim creates a frequency distribution of exam scores from her class of 300 students.Possible scores on the exam ranged from zero to 100.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of times each possible score occurred 
B) each possible score 
C) the mean of the 1,000 scores 
D) the categorical labels "Not Depressed" and "Depressed" 
A) the number of times each possible score occurred 
B) each possible score 
C) the mean of the 1,000 scores 
D) the categorical labels "Not Depressed" and "Depressed"

Question 20

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) study. 
C) definition. 
D) method. 
A) theory. 
B) study. 
C) definition. 
D) method.

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

Correlations detect:

A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n):

Which number represents the STRONGEST correlation coefficient (r)?

Which statement regarding deception in psychological research is TRUE?

When the _____ variable is manipulated,at least _____ group(s)is/are created.

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed,a phenomenon known as:

Participants in one study (Lord,Ross,& Lepper,1979)were first asked about their beliefs regarding the death penalty,and then they were provided with evidence both for and against it.After studying these materials,beliefs about the death penalty were reassessed.This study found that participants:

Random assignment to groups helps ensure that:

Which statement is an unfalsifiable psychological claim?

_____ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _____ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.

As a feature of ethical research,the term just refers to which statement?

The tendency for a measure to produce different results when the quantity measured changes only slightly is known as:

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,what is the range?

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is FALSE?

Professor Kim creates a frequency distribution of exam scores from her class of 300 students.Possible scores on the exam ranged from zero to 100.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part A

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A

Social Psychology-Part B

Social Psychology-Part C

Social Psychology-Part D

When the _ variable is manipulated,at least _ group(s)is/are created.

_ involves making direct observations of the world,whereas _ involves relying on assumptions and beliefs about the world.