Question 1

What is the BIGGEST limitation in natural correlation research?

Accepted Answer

A) Natural correlations tell us nothing about the relationship between two variables. 
B) A causal relationship cannot be inferred. 
C) Natural correlations have no predictive power. 
D) Most of the time,natural correlations are too complicated to determine. 
A) Natural correlations tell us nothing about the relationship between two variables. 
B) A causal relationship cannot be inferred. 
C) Natural correlations have no predictive power. 
D) Most of the time,natural correlations are too complicated to determine.

Question 2

What does the term manipulation mean in the context of performing an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to design an experiment so that participants react in certain predetermined ways 
B) the ability to change a variable in order to determine its causal powers 
C) the ability to hold constant third variables 
D) the ability to control the responses of research participants 
A) the ability to design an experiment so that participants react in certain predetermined ways 
B) the ability to change a variable in order to determine its causal powers 
C) the ability to hold constant third variables 
D) the ability to control the responses of research participants

Question 3

A reliable measure is one that:

Accepted Answer

A) tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing. 
B) tends to differentiate between accurate and inaccurate data. 
C) compensates for a weak operational definition of a property under study. 
D) is necessarily an accurate measure of an underlying property. 
A) tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing. 
B) tends to differentiate between accurate and inaccurate data. 
C) compensates for a weak operational definition of a property under study. 
D) is necessarily an accurate measure of an underlying property.

Question 4

The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:

Accepted Answer

A) empiricism. 
B) methodology. 
C) dogmatism. 
D) pragmatism. 
A) empiricism. 
B) methodology. 
C) dogmatism. 
D) pragmatism.

Question 5

Which number represents the WEAKEST correlation coefficient (r)?

Accepted Answer

A) -.8 
B) 1.0 
C) -.1 
D) .5 
A) -.8 
B) 1.0 
C) -.1 
D) .5

Question 6

The characteristic of an experiment that establishes the causal relationship between variables is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) power. 
B) reliability. 
C) internal validity. 
D) external validity. 
A) power. 
B) reliability. 
C) internal validity. 
D) external validity.

Question 7

Describing length as "change in the location of light over time" is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) measurement device. 
B) casual observation. 
C) unit of measurement. 
D) operational definition. 
A) measurement device. 
B) casual observation. 
C) unit of measurement. 
D) operational definition.

Question 8

Increases in illegal drug use are associated with a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.This is MOST clearly an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) an experiment. 
D) the double-blind technique. 
A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) an experiment. 
D) the double-blind technique.

Question 9

Henri suspects that the amygdala is involved in emotional memories.He asks participants to recall emotionally charged events while in a brain-scanning machine and makes the specific prediction that amygdala activation will be observed during the task.This testable prediction is termed a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) experiment. 
B) empirical method. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) theory. 
A) experiment. 
B) empirical method. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) theory.

Question 10

A bathroom scale cannot detect the difference in weights between Jorge and Carlos,because the two men only differ by 0.2 pounds.As a measure of weight,the scale is limited in terms of its:

Accepted Answer

A) reliability. 
B) validity. 
C) consistency. 
D) power. 
A) reliability. 
B) validity. 
C) consistency. 
D) power.

Question 11

Which researcher who completely lies about conducting a study and makes a fraudulent research claim will probably get caught?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher who claims reinforcement is more effective at changing a particular behavior than is punishment in a rat model. 
B) The researcher who claims to have taught American Sign Language to rhesus monkeys. 
C) The researcher who claims that absenteeism is associated with reports of depression in a sample of college students. 
D) The researcher who claims that children who are read to frequently do better in elementary school. 
A) The researcher who claims reinforcement is more effective at changing a particular behavior than is punishment in a rat model. 
B) The researcher who claims to have taught American Sign Language to rhesus monkeys. 
C) The researcher who claims that absenteeism is associated with reports of depression in a sample of college students. 
D) The researcher who claims that children who are read to frequently do better in elementary school.

Question 12

A double-blind study:

Accepted Answer

A) necessarily has sufficient power to detect group differences. 
B) usually lacks reliability. 
C) minimizes expectancy effects. 
D) cannot be used to determine cause and effect. 
A) necessarily has sufficient power to detect group differences. 
B) usually lacks reliability. 
C) minimizes expectancy effects. 
D) cannot be used to determine cause and effect.

Question 13

According to the textbook,the FIRST rule of critical thinking is to:

Accepted Answer

A) be skeptical of everything. 
B) only trust what you observe. 
C) doubt your own conclusions. 
D) believe information published in scientific journals. 
A) be skeptical of everything. 
B) only trust what you observe. 
C) doubt your own conclusions. 
D) believe information published in scientific journals.

Question 14

If Dr.Smith wants to determine whether drinking alcohol causes feelings of sadness,what research strategy should be used?

Accepted Answer

A) experiment 
B) natural correlation 
C) matched-pairs correlation 
D) case study method 
A) experiment 
B) natural correlation 
C) matched-pairs correlation 
D) case study method

Question 15

The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) consistency. 
B) power. 
C) validity. 
D) reliability. 
A) consistency. 
B) power. 
C) validity. 
D) reliability.

Question 16

Ideally,a measurement should have validity,reliability,and _____ in order to be useful to scientists.

Accepted Answer

A) definition 
B) accuracy 
C) power 
D) consistency 
A) definition 
B) accuracy 
C) power 
D) consistency

Question 17

Darley and Gross (1983)showed participants a video of a girl taking a reading test.Some participants were told that the girl was from an affluent family and others were told that she was from a poor family.Then participants were asked to rank the girl's academic abilities.Which statement regarding the findings of this experiment is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Ratings were unaffected by knowledge of the girl's socioeconomic status as long as she was dressed similarly in both videos. 
B) Ratings were unaffected by knowledge of the girl's socioeconomic status as long as the girl performed equally well on the reading test in both videos. 
C) Ratings were higher if they thought the girl was affluent relative to poor,but participants could not justify these ratings with evidence from the video. 
D) Ratings were higher if they thought the girl was affluent relative to poor and participants could justify these ratings with evidence from the video. 
A) Ratings were unaffected by knowledge of the girl's socioeconomic status as long as she was dressed similarly in both videos. 
B) Ratings were unaffected by knowledge of the girl's socioeconomic status as long as the girl performed equally well on the reading test in both videos. 
C) Ratings were higher if they thought the girl was affluent relative to poor,but participants could not justify these ratings with evidence from the video. 
D) Ratings were higher if they thought the girl was affluent relative to poor and participants could justify these ratings with evidence from the video.

Question 18

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,which number is the median?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 3 
C) 1 
D) 6 
A) 4 
B) 3 
C) 1 
D) 6

Question 19

On a wide range of cognitive abilities,males are more _____ than are females.

Accepted Answer

A) empirical 
B) variable 
C) complex 
D) reactive 
A) empirical 
B) variable 
C) complex 
D) reactive

Question 20

An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research,they will receive a failing grade.What ethical principle has the instructor violated?

Accepted Answer

A) freedom from coercion 
B) informed consent 
C) debriefing 
D) protection from harm 
A) freedom from coercion 
B) informed consent 
C) debriefing 
D) protection from harm

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

What is the BIGGEST limitation in natural correlation research?

What does the term manipulation mean in the context of performing an experiment?

A reliable measure is one that:

The belief that accurate knowledge of the world requires observations of it is called:

Which number represents the WEAKEST correlation coefficient (r)?

The characteristic of an experiment that establishes the causal relationship between variables is termed:

Describing length as "change in the location of light over time" is an example of a(n):

Increases in illegal drug use are associated with a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.This is MOST clearly an example of:

Henri suspects that the amygdala is involved in emotional memories.He asks participants to recall emotionally charged events while in a brain-scanning machine and makes the specific prediction that amygdala activation will be observed during the task.This testable prediction is termed a(n):

A bathroom scale cannot detect the difference in weights between Jorge and Carlos,because the two men only differ by 0.2 pounds.As a measure of weight,the scale is limited in terms of its:

Which researcher who completely lies about conducting a study and makes a fraudulent research claim will probably get caught?

A double-blind study:

According to the textbook,the FIRST rule of critical thinking is to:

If Dr.Smith wants to determine whether drinking alcohol causes feelings of sadness,what research strategy should be used?

The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing is known as:

Ideally,a measurement should have validity,reliability,and _____ in order to be useful to scientists.

In the number sequence 3 6 1 1 9,which number is the median?

On a wide range of cognitive abilities,males are more _____ than are females.

An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research,they will receive a failing grade.What ethical principle has the instructor violated?

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part A

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A