Question 1

The grade distribution of an "easy" course,in terms of overall percentage score (0-100),is BEST described by a:

Accepted Answer

A) normal distribution with a large standard deviation. 
B) normal distribution with a small standard deviation. 
C) negatively skewed distribution. 
D) positively skewed distribution. 
A) normal distribution with a large standard deviation. 
B) normal distribution with a small standard deviation. 
C) negatively skewed distribution. 
D) positively skewed distribution.

Question 2

Intelligence tends to be normally distributed,and studies have shown that men and women have the same mean intelligence (IQ)score.However,intelligence scores in women tend to have a smaller range and standard deviation than those in men.Based on this information,which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The modal score in men is greater than the modal score in women. 
B) The modal score in women is greater than the modal score in men. 
C) Men are more likely to have extremely low scores. 
D) Women are more likely to have extremely high scores. 
A) The modal score in men is greater than the modal score in women. 
B) The modal score in women is greater than the modal score in men. 
C) Men are more likely to have extremely low scores. 
D) Women are more likely to have extremely high scores.

Question 3

A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off toward the tails,and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical,is called a _____ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) normal 
B) positively skewed 
C) negatively skewed 
D) standard 
A) normal 
B) positively skewed 
C) negatively skewed 
D) standard

Question 4

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves of the use of animals in psychological research. 
B) Most research in psychology involves the use of animals. 
C) Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is a strong justification for the research. 
D) The American Psychological Association is against the use of animals in psychological research. 
A) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves of the use of animals in psychological research. 
B) Most research in psychology involves the use of animals. 
C) Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is a strong justification for the research. 
D) The American Psychological Association is against the use of animals in psychological research.

Question 5

As part of her course requirements,Jill participates in research studies conducted by professors.After she participates,she is fully informed about the nature of the study.This describes:

Accepted Answer

A) debriefing. 
B) informed consent. 
C) demand characteristics. 
D) risk-benefit analysis. 
A) debriefing. 
B) informed consent. 
C) demand characteristics. 
D) risk-benefit analysis.

Question 6

The closer an experiment is to arranging circumstances similar to the real world,the more psychologists can claim it has:

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) statistical significance. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) statistical significance.

Question 7

The psychologist Diederik Stapel published fraudulent research results for decades before his deception was uncovered.When caught,Stapel was:

Accepted Answer

A) fired from his academic position and had his publications retracted. 
B) verbally warned to stop engaging in fraudulent behavior;no further action was taken due to a lack of an enforcement agency. 
C) forced to retract those publications in which fraudulent data appeared but allowed to keep his academic position. 
D) fired and sent to prison for 5 years for his fraudulent activities. 
A) fired from his academic position and had his publications retracted. 
B) verbally warned to stop engaging in fraudulent behavior;no further action was taken due to a lack of an enforcement agency. 
C) forced to retract those publications in which fraudulent data appeared but allowed to keep his academic position. 
D) fired and sent to prison for 5 years for his fraudulent activities.

Question 8

Informed consent:

Accepted Answer

A) must be obtained before individuals participate in an experiment. 
B) is strongly recommended but not mandatory for individuals participating in an experiment. 
C) is not necessary unless painful stimuli are involved. 
D) is mandatory only for participants over 18 years of age. 
A) must be obtained before individuals participate in an experiment. 
B) is strongly recommended but not mandatory for individuals participating in an experiment. 
C) is not necessary unless painful stimuli are involved. 
D) is mandatory only for participants over 18 years of age.

Question 9

Correlation is to _____ as experimentation is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) measurement of variables;manipulation of variables 
B) single variables;multiple variables 
C) manipulation of variables;measurement of variables 
D) unobtrusiveness;correlation 
A) measurement of variables;manipulation of variables 
B) single variables;multiple variables 
C) manipulation of variables;measurement of variables 
D) unobtrusiveness;correlation

Question 10

What does the third-variable problem indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The three variables are all causally related to one another;each is a cause of the others. 
B) The correlation between any two of the variables must be established before another correlation can be computed. 
C) Two of the variables are correlated with each other only because each is causally related to a third variable. 
D) Changes in one variable are producing changes in another variable. 
A) The three variables are all causally related to one another;each is a cause of the others. 
B) The correlation between any two of the variables must be established before another correlation can be computed. 
C) Two of the variables are correlated with each other only because each is causally related to a third variable. 
D) Changes in one variable are producing changes in another variable.

Question 11

Under which type of frequency distribution will the mode,mean,and median all assume the same value?

Accepted Answer

A) a normal distribution 
B) a positively skewed distribution 
C) a two-peaked (bimodal)distribution 
D) a one-peaked unsymmetrical distribution 
A) a normal distribution 
B) a positively skewed distribution 
C) a two-peaked (bimodal)distribution 
D) a one-peaked unsymmetrical distribution

Question 12

A synchronous pattern of variation between two variables,each of which has been measured several times,is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) variance. 
B) power deviation. 
C) a correlation. 
D) an operational definition. 
A) variance. 
B) power deviation. 
C) a correlation. 
D) an operational definition.

Question 13

Which technique is NOT used to reduce demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) ensuring participant anonymity 
B) studying behavior not under voluntary control 
C) clearly identifying the purpose of the study to participants 
D) observing people without their knowledge 
A) ensuring participant anonymity 
B) studying behavior not under voluntary control 
C) clearly identifying the purpose of the study to participants 
D) observing people without their knowledge

Question 14

Most experiments in psychology lack:

Accepted Answer

A) external validity. 
B) internal validity. 
C) randomization. 
D) manipulation. 
A) external validity. 
B) internal validity. 
C) randomization. 
D) manipulation.

Question 15

What is the main advantage of experimentation over correlation in determining causal relationships?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimentation offers the possibility of controlling for all potential third variables at once. 
B) Experimentation involves multiple variables,whereas correlation involves only two variables. 
C) Experimentation systematically controls third variables one at a time,in sequence. 
D) Experimentation uses the matched pairs and matched samples techniques to control for specific third variables. 
A) Experimentation offers the possibility of controlling for all potential third variables at once. 
B) Experimentation involves multiple variables,whereas correlation involves only two variables. 
C) Experimentation systematically controls third variables one at a time,in sequence. 
D) Experimentation uses the matched pairs and matched samples techniques to control for specific third variables.

Question 16

Random _____ allows psychologists to generalize from the _____ to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) selection;population;sample 
B) selection;sample;population 
C) assignment;population;sample 
D) assignment;sample;population 
A) selection;population;sample 
B) selection;sample;population 
C) assignment;population;sample 
D) assignment;sample;population

Question 17

The scientific method was FIRST formalized by:

Accepted Answer

A) Newton. 
B) Galileo. 
C) Bacon. 
D) Descartes. 
A) Newton. 
B) Galileo. 
C) Bacon. 
D) Descartes.

Question 18

An educational psychologist seeks to determine how studying duration is related to standardized test scores.She realizes that IQ is a possible third variable that could cause both studying and test score.As such,she studies only students who have approximately the same IQ.What technique is the psychologist using to attempt to control for this third variable?

Accepted Answer

A) matched samples 
B) matched pairs 
C) matched supervisors 
D) double-blind observation 
A) matched samples 
B) matched pairs 
C) matched supervisors 
D) double-blind observation

Question 19

_____ occurs when participants are assigned to the experimental or control group by coin flip.

Accepted Answer

A) Self-selection 
B) Random assignment 
C) Double-blind experimentation 
D) Random sampling 
A) Self-selection 
B) Random assignment 
C) Double-blind experimentation 
D) Random sampling

Question 20

Which statement is TRUE regarding the principle of parsimony?

Accepted Answer

A) Parsimonious theories are less likely to be falsified. 
B) The world is elegantly simple and demands simple theories. 
C) Simple theories are more likely to be correct than more complicated ones. 
D) Theories should only be as complex as they need to be. 
A) Parsimonious theories are less likely to be falsified. 
B) The world is elegantly simple and demands simple theories. 
C) Simple theories are more likely to be correct than more complicated ones. 
D) Theories should only be as complex as they need to be.

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

The grade distribution of an "easy" course,in terms of overall percentage score (0-100),is BEST described by a:

Intelligence tends to be normally distributed,and studies have shown that men and women have the same mean intelligence (IQ)score.However,intelligence scores in women tend to have a smaller range and standard deviation than those in men.Based on this information,which statement is true?

A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off toward the tails,and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical,is called a _____ distribution.

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is TRUE?

As part of her course requirements,Jill participates in research studies conducted by professors.After she participates,she is fully informed about the nature of the study.This describes:

The closer an experiment is to arranging circumstances similar to the real world,the more psychologists can claim it has:

The psychologist Diederik Stapel published fraudulent research results for decades before his deception was uncovered.When caught,Stapel was:

Informed consent:

Correlation is to _____ as experimentation is to _____.

What does the third-variable problem indicate?

Under which type of frequency distribution will the mode,mean,and median all assume the same value?

A synchronous pattern of variation between two variables,each of which has been measured several times,is referred to as:

Which technique is NOT used to reduce demand characteristics?

Most experiments in psychology lack:

What is the main advantage of experimentation over correlation in determining causal relationships?

Random _____ allows psychologists to generalize from the _____ to the _____.

The scientific method was FIRST formalized by:

_____ occurs when participants are assigned to the experimental or control group by coin flip.

Which statement is TRUE regarding the principle of parsimony?

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part A

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part A

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A

Correlation is to _ as experimentation is to _.

Random ___ allows psychologists to generalize from the _ to the ___.