Exam 4: A: Learning

Which of the following events most intrigued Pavlov and led to his discoveries?

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school.When the topic of punishment is discussed,what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

According to B.F.Skinner,negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.

The abbreviation UCR stands for _____________.

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n)_____________________.

Maricella works as a seamstress.Her boss tells her that every time she completes five shirts,she will receive $5.When done with the five shirts,she dumps them into a bin and gets paid.Her pattern of shirt completion is most likely to be _____.

As an infant,Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor.When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat,she started to cry.This is an example of _______________.

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning u

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room.What is the cookie in this example?

Normally,when food is placed in the mouth of any animal,the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion.In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning,salivation would be referred to as ________.

Molly is sometimes loud and disruptive in class,and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention.The teacher worries that yelling at Molly might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Molly the attention she wants.One behavior modification that might help with this child is _______________.

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ______.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit.At first,the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak.After a while,it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb.Eventually,the bird flies up to the piece of fruit,even though that prevents it from getting the fruit.According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints,the bird is demonstrating ________.

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener.In this example,the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.