Exam 4: A: Learning

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park.One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years,and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park.Even though the paths are complicated and twisted,you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin.Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of ____________.

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions?

What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?

A stimulus presented to a person or animal that decreases the probability of a particular response is known as __________.

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ______.

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry,her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry,by drooling and whining.She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry,the sound of the door had become a(n)______.

In order to learn anything through observation,the learner must ____________.

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs,and they began to salivate.The food acted as a (an) ____________.

There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing.If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them,that's _____________.But if she then swats at the gnat,that's _____________.

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat.The principle of learning that was in operation was _____________.

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer,whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS)in the case of Little Albert?

Biofeedback is an application of ______.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)has been used with autistic children.The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

Using continuous reinforcement is the best way to prevent a response from becoming extinguished.

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response,it is known as __________.

The Law of Effect emphasized that responses were more likely to be made if they were followed by some pleasing consequence.

A _____________________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,biological need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Pavlov's model of classical conditioning was based on the idea that the conditioned stimulus,through its association close in time with the unconditioned stimulus,came to activate the same place in the animal's brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus.This was known as _____________.

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)in the case of Little Albert?