Exam 4: A: Learning

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

The current view of why classical conditioning works the way it does,advanced by Rescorla and others,adds the concept of _____________ to conditioning theory.

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs,and they began to salivate.Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the Footsteps was a _______.

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is ______.

Thorndike was known for his work with ______.

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS.After time,the subject no longer makes the conditioned response.This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor.The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them.Later,the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle.When the shocks are given,the dogs do not even try to escape.They just sit and cower.This is an example of ____________.

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink.He really wants to do it and watches the show intently.He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done.However,when he tests the new sink,water spurts everywhere.Taking the new sink apart,he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show.What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph,a machine that records the brain's electrical activity.The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy.This technique is best called _________.

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell,he experimented with ringing the bell and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away.Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the bell.This represents the process called ___________________.

A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and,thus,increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a ______.

Unlike mammals,birds seem to develop conditioned aversions to food based on which sense?

For observational learning to occur,each of the following must happen EXCEPT ______.

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning)is called _____________.

In the process of shaping,behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response.These behaviors are called _____________.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Seligman's concept of learned helplessness has been extended into the field of psychopathology to explain the emergence of schizophrenia in late adolescence.

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?