Question 1

Explain the cocktail party analogy as it relates to the dichotic listening task.

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party analogy refers to how,at a party,a guest engaging in conversation will "tune in" to one message (their current conversation)and filter out others.This is similar to the dichotic listening task in that the task requires the participant to "tune in" to a message (the "attended" message)and tune out others (the "unattended" message).

Question 2

Using a hands-free headset while driving is safer than using a cell phone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

An experiment where a subject is asked to listen to two simultaneous messages is called a dichotic listening task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which cognitive psychologist demonstrated that,if an individual is presented with visual stimuli but is not able to attend to them,that individual would be likely to experience illusory conjunctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisser 
B)  Treisman 
C)  Hillyard 
D)  Posner 
A)  Neisser 
B)  Treisman 
C)  Hillyard 
D)  Posner

Question 5

In O'Craven,Downing,and Kanwisher's (1999)study,participants viewed a series of pictures consisting of faces superimposed on houses.Which statement BEST summarizes the results of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the parahippocampal place area became active,regardless of the participant's focus. 
B)  Only the fusiform face area became active,regardless of the participant's focus. 
C)  The parahippocampal place area and fusiform face area both always became active. 
D)  The active region varied,depending on whether the participant attended to faces or houses. 
A)  Only the parahippocampal place area became active,regardless of the participant's focus. 
B)  Only the fusiform face area became active,regardless of the participant's focus. 
C)  The parahippocampal place area and fusiform face area both always became active. 
D)  The active region varied,depending on whether the participant attended to faces or houses.

Question 6

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:

Accepted Answer

A)  could not copy the picture. 
B)  could copy specific components of the picture,but not the spatial configuration. 
C)  could copy the spatial configuration of the picture,but not the specific components. 
D)  copied the picture successfully,unlike patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage. 
A)  could not copy the picture. 
B)  could copy specific components of the picture,but not the spatial configuration. 
C)  could copy the spatial configuration of the picture,but not the specific components. 
D)  copied the picture successfully,unlike patients with left-hemisphere parietal damage.

Question 7

What were Strayer and Drews (2007)able to determine about attention in the study of cell phone usage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dual-task performance is eventually equal to the performance seen for either task that is involved. 
B)  Cell phone usage is not dangerous as long as the driver's eyes are kept on the road. 
C)  Conversing on a cell phone is much more distracting than listening to the radio or conversing with someone in the car. 
D)  Headsets are a very important peripheral device for the safety of motorists. 
A)  Dual-task performance is eventually equal to the performance seen for either task that is involved. 
B)  Cell phone usage is not dangerous as long as the driver's eyes are kept on the road. 
C)  Conversing on a cell phone is much more distracting than listening to the radio or conversing with someone in the car. 
D)  Headsets are a very important peripheral device for the safety of motorists.

Question 8

What factor caused the differences seen in the ability to successfully perform two separate cognitive tasks at once in the Byrne and Anderson (2001)experiment and the Schumacher et al.(2001)experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory modality 
B)  difficulty of task 
C)  type of motor response required 
D)  type of stimuli employed 
A)  sensory modality 
B)  difficulty of task 
C)  type of motor response required 
D)  type of stimuli employed

Question 9

When subjects are asked to name the color of ink in which a word is printed and the word itself is the name of a different color,subjects typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  are about as fast as when they name the color for a word of the same color. 
B)  experience such conflict that their reading process breaks down immediately. 
C)  show little interference because physical traits of stimuli override contextual traits. 
D)  are much slower than when naming the color for a word of the same color. 
A)  are about as fast as when they name the color for a word of the same color. 
B)  experience such conflict that their reading process breaks down immediately. 
C)  show little interference because physical traits of stimuli override contextual traits. 
D)  are much slower than when naming the color for a word of the same color.

Question 10

What is central attention? Describe the experimental evidence that indicates when central bottlenecks occur and when they do not.

Accepted Answer

•Central attention refers to the process

Question 11

Describe the difference between Treisman's attenuation theory and Deutsch and Deutsch's late-selection theory.

Accepted Answer

Treisman's theory posits that an early-s

Question 12

What is automaticity? Provide examples of tasks that may become automated with practice.

Accepted Answer

It refers to the way in which a task can

Question 13

Which answer choice is an example of endogenous control?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fire-alarm sounding in the hallway 
B)  a flickering light above a sculpture 
C)  a loud argument at the gift shop 
D)  arrows pointing to a section of the gallery 
A)  a fire-alarm sounding in the hallway 
B)  a flickering light above a sculpture 
C)  a loud argument at the gift shop 
D)  arrows pointing to a section of the gallery

Question 14

A common error in the Stroop task is reading the word itself instead of saying the color in which the word is printed.This is probably because:

Accepted Answer

A)  reading is a highly automated process. 
B)  reading is a highly controlled process. 
C)  attentional processes,being data-driven,have focused exclusively on letter features. 
D)  the attentional system cannot decide between top-down or bottom-up processing. 
A)  reading is a highly automated process. 
B)  reading is a highly controlled process. 
C)  attentional processes,being data-driven,have focused exclusively on letter features. 
D)  the attentional system cannot decide between top-down or bottom-up processing.

Question 15

In studies of dichotic listening,psychologists have found that the subjects could:

Accepted Answer

A)  identify some semantic meaning of the message heard in the nonattended ear. 
B)  identify only the physical characteristics of the message (speech vs.noise)heard in the nonattended ear. 
C)  identify fairly accurately the semantic content of the message heard in the nonattended ear. 
D)  not only identify semantic content,but also tell which language was being spoken in the nonattended ear. 
A)  identify some semantic meaning of the message heard in the nonattended ear. 
B)  identify only the physical characteristics of the message (speech vs.noise)heard in the nonattended ear. 
C)  identify fairly accurately the semantic content of the message heard in the nonattended ear. 
D)  not only identify semantic content,but also tell which language was being spoken in the nonattended ear.

Question 16

What was the finding of the study by O'Craven,et al.(1999)regarding human attentional mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attentional mechanisms can choose from among different brain regions based on the current task. 
B)  Visual attention is more acute than auditory attention in the majority of tasks studied. 
C)  Non-human primates have greatly different parietal lobe functions. 
D)  Men have greater acuity in olfactory attentional mechanisms than do women. 
A)  Attentional mechanisms can choose from among different brain regions based on the current task. 
B)  Visual attention is more acute than auditory attention in the majority of tasks studied. 
C)  Non-human primates have greatly different parietal lobe functions. 
D)  Men have greater acuity in olfactory attentional mechanisms than do women.

Question 17

Both Broadbent's and Triesman's theories assume that there is some filter or bottleneck in processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Damage to the left parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on objects,while damage to the right parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on locations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When a task requires little to no thought because one has practiced the central cognitive component of it so much,this is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  mindlessness. 
B)  fixedness. 
C)  centration. 
D)  automaticity. 
A)  mindlessness. 
B)  fixedness. 
C)  centration. 
D)  automaticity.

Question 20

What does Mangun,Hillyard,and Luck's (1993)ERP study tell us about neural activation during visual attention?

Accepted Answer

Results were consistent with the topogra

Explain the cocktail party analogy as it relates to the dichotic listening task.

Using a hands-free headset while driving is safer than using a cell phone.

An experiment where a subject is asked to listen to two simultaneous messages is called a dichotic listening task.

Which cognitive psychologist demonstrated that,if an individual is presented with visual stimuli but is not able to attend to them,that individual would be likely to experience illusory conjunctions?

In O'Craven,Downing,and Kanwisher's (1999)study,participants viewed a series of pictures consisting of faces superimposed on houses.Which statement BEST summarizes the results of the study?

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:

What were Strayer and Drews (2007)able to determine about attention in the study of cell phone usage?

What factor caused the differences seen in the ability to successfully perform two separate cognitive tasks at once in the Byrne and Anderson (2001)experiment and the Schumacher et al.(2001)experiment?

When subjects are asked to name the color of ink in which a word is printed and the word itself is the name of a different color,subjects typically:

What is central attention? Describe the experimental evidence that indicates when central bottlenecks occur and when they do not.

Describe the difference between Treisman's attenuation theory and Deutsch and Deutsch's late-selection theory.

What is automaticity? Provide examples of tasks that may become automated with practice.

Which answer choice is an example of endogenous control?

A common error in the Stroop task is reading the word itself instead of saying the color in which the word is printed.This is probably because:

In studies of dichotic listening,psychologists have found that the subjects could:

What was the finding of the study by O'Craven,et al.(1999)regarding human attentional mechanisms?

Both Broadbent's and Triesman's theories assume that there is some filter or bottleneck in processing.

Damage to the left parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on objects,while damage to the right parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on locations.

When a task requires little to no thought because one has practiced the central cognitive component of it so much,this is known as:

What does Mangun,Hillyard,and Luck's (1993)ERP study tell us about neural activation during visual attention?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

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Exam 3: Attention and Performance

Explain the cocktail party analogy as it relates to the dichotic listening task.

Using a hands-free headset while driving is safer than using a cell phone.

An experiment where a subject is asked to listen to two simultaneous messages is called a dichotic listening task.

Which cognitive psychologist demonstrated that,if an individual is presented with visual stimuli but is not able to attend to them,that individual would be likely to experience illusory conjunctions?

In O'Craven,Downing,and Kanwisher's (1999)study,participants viewed a series of pictures consisting of faces superimposed on houses.Which statement BEST summarizes the results of the study?

Patients with right-hemisphere parietal damage were asked to copy a picture.They:

What were Strayer and Drews (2007)able to determine about attention in the study of cell phone usage?

What factor caused the differences seen in the ability to successfully perform two separate cognitive tasks at once in the Byrne and Anderson (2001)experiment and the Schumacher et al.(2001)experiment?

When subjects are asked to name the color of ink in which a word is printed and the word itself is the name of a different color,subjects typically:

What is central attention? Describe the experimental evidence that indicates when central bottlenecks occur and when they do not.

Describe the difference between Treisman's attenuation theory and Deutsch and Deutsch's late-selection theory.

What is automaticity? Provide examples of tasks that may become automated with practice.

Which answer choice is an example of endogenous control?

A common error in the Stroop task is reading the word itself instead of saying the color in which the word is printed.This is probably because:

In studies of dichotic listening,psychologists have found that the subjects could:

What was the finding of the study by O'Craven,et al.(1999)regarding human attentional mechanisms?

Both Broadbent's and Triesman's theories assume that there is some filter or bottleneck in processing.

Damage to the left parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on objects,while damage to the right parietal lobe leads to the inability to focus attention on locations.

When a task requires little to no thought because one has practiced the central cognitive component of it so much,this is known as:

What does Mangun,Hillyard,and Luck's (1993)ERP study tell us about neural activation during visual attention?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters