Question 1

What are the potential costs of using the keyword method?

Accepted Answer

Potential costs:
•Retrieval times are slower since one has to remember an intermediate keyword and this slows down the speed of translation.
•Intermediate keywords have been shown to result in poorer long-term retention.
•The method may be helpful in passing an immediate vocabulary test,but performance on a delayed test that wasn't studied for can be poorer.

Question 2

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  propositional networks. 
B)  mnemonic techniques. 
C)  encoding analogs. 
D)  decoding strategies. 
A)  propositional networks. 
B)  mnemonic techniques. 
C)  encoding analogs. 
D)  decoding strategies. B

Question 3

What are abstraction theories? What are exemplar theories?

Accepted Answer

These theories are attempts to discriminate between general ways of capturing conceptual knowledge.Abstraction theories maintain that we abstract the general properties of a category from the specific instances that we have studied and that we store those abstractions.Exemplar theories maintain that we only store specific instances and then infer the general properties from these specific instances.

Question 4

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

Accepted Answer

A)  had a higher rate of errors in the picture condition than in the sentence condition. 
B)  had the same number of errors in the picture condition as in the sentence condition. 
C)  were able to remember not only the gist of the pictures,but the verbatim record of the sentences. 
D)  had a higher rate of errors in the sentence condition than in the picture condition. 
A)  had a higher rate of errors in the picture condition than in the sentence condition. 
B)  had the same number of errors in the picture condition as in the sentence condition. 
C)  were able to remember not only the gist of the pictures,but the verbatim record of the sentences. 
D)  had a higher rate of errors in the sentence condition than in the picture condition.

Question 5

Abstraction theories hold that we store:

Accepted Answer

A)  a number of different instances of a category and judge new instances by degree of similarity. 
B)  several different instances of a category,but abstract a general model for comparison purposes. 
C)  a general representation of a category,but when it comes time to judge,we generate specific instances for comparison. 
D)  a general representation of a category and judge instances by degree of similarity. 
A)  a number of different instances of a category and judge new instances by degree of similarity. 
B)  several different instances of a category,but abstract a general model for comparison purposes. 
C)  a general representation of a category,but when it comes time to judge,we generate specific instances for comparison. 
D)  a general representation of a category and judge instances by degree of similarity.

Question 6

How are mirror neurons related to the concept of embodied cognition?

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are one link that explain

Question 7

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding a verbatim duplicate of the original communication. 
B)  storing only the significant themes of the communication. 
C)  encoding a linear but hierarchical representation using subsets of the communication sequence. 
D)  representing the communication in terms of its feature-rich detail. 
A)  encoding a verbatim duplicate of the original communication. 
B)  storing only the significant themes of the communication. 
C)  encoding a linear but hierarchical representation using subsets of the communication sequence. 
D)  representing the communication in terms of its feature-rich detail.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

Accepted Answer

A)  A proposition preserves the detail of linguistic information. 
B)  Propositions provide an analytic tool for understanding meaningful information. 
C)  Propositions represent meaningful structures in language. 
D)  A proposition is the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion. 
A)  A proposition preserves the detail of linguistic information. 
B)  Propositions provide an analytic tool for understanding meaningful information. 
C)  Propositions represent meaningful structures in language. 
D)  A proposition is the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion.

Question 9

According to the amodal symbol system,all information is represented in terms that are specific to a particular perceptual modality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

Accepted Answer

A)  warned subjects retained significantly better memory for meaning,but were actually worse on style compared with the unwarned subjects. 
B)  unwarned subjects could recall style changes,but not meaning changes. 
C)  subjects had similar recall for meaning,whether they had been warned or not. 
D)  warned subjects retained significantly more meaning than did the unwarned subjects. 
A)  warned subjects retained significantly better memory for meaning,but were actually worse on style compared with the unwarned subjects. 
B)  unwarned subjects could recall style changes,but not meaning changes. 
C)  subjects had similar recall for meaning,whether they had been warned or not. 
D)  warned subjects retained significantly more meaning than did the unwarned subjects.

Question 11

What were the results of Hauk et al.'s (2004)research on embodied cognition?

Accepted Answer

In this study,the researchers recorded b

Question 12

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

Accepted Answer

A)  gist of a picture,but not the minute details of a sentence. 
B)  gist of a sentence,but not the minute details of a picture. 
C)  gist,but not the minute details,of both pictures and sentences. 
D)  minute details,but not the gist,of both pictures and sentences. 
A)  gist of a picture,but not the minute details of a sentence. 
B)  gist of a sentence,but not the minute details of a picture. 
C)  gist,but not the minute details,of both pictures and sentences. 
D)  minute details,but not the gist,of both pictures and sentences.

Question 13

Farah and McClelland (1991)have shown that the dissociation between _____ and _____ in memory is due to the different features that define the two categories.

Accepted Answer

A)  animals;vegetables 
B)  nouns;verbs 
C)  living things;artifacts 
D)  places;objects 
A)  animals;vegetables 
B)  nouns;verbs 
C)  living things;artifacts 
D)  places;objects

Question 14

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the key-word method of learning. 
B)  perception ignoring detail. 
C)  bottom-up processing. 
D)  attaching meaning to information. 
A)  the key-word method of learning. 
B)  perception ignoring detail. 
C)  bottom-up processing. 
D)  attaching meaning to information.

Question 15

Which statement is an accurate description of the findings of Brewer and Treyens' (1981)office schema experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants were more likely to recall items that are commonly found in an office if they worked in an office building. 
B)  When asked to name items found in an office,participants named larger items first. 
C)  When university faculty members were asked to describe their offices,the men were better at describing where items were located,while women were able to list more of the items found in their offices. 
D)  Participants shown an office and then asked to describe what was in it tend to remember those items that are consistent with their schema for an office. 
A)  Participants were more likely to recall items that are commonly found in an office if they worked in an office building. 
B)  When asked to name items found in an office,participants named larger items first. 
C)  When university faculty members were asked to describe their offices,the men were better at describing where items were located,while women were able to list more of the items found in their offices. 
D)  Participants shown an office and then asked to describe what was in it tend to remember those items that are consistent with their schema for an office.

Question 16

Statements about a university such as "A university has professors," "A university has classrooms," and "A university has students" represent:

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of arguments related to university. 
B)  a semantic network for university. 
C)  a links related to university. 
D)  a schema for university. 
A)  a series of arguments related to university. 
B)  a semantic network for university. 
C)  a links related to university. 
D)  a schema for university.

Question 17

Wanner (1968)compared memory for exact wording with memory for meaning.Compare the results of warned participants to the results of unwarned participants.

Accepted Answer

One result of this study was that partic

Question 18

The type of neuron that Rizzolatti and Craighero (2004)described became activated whenever a chimp took a certain action,or watched someone take that action,or heard someone take the action.What name was given to this type of neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror 
B)  sensory sympathetic 
C)  external matching 
D)  bi-directional 
A)  mirror 
B)  sensory sympathetic 
C)  external matching 
D)  bi-directional

Question 19

Which statement is NOT a primitive proposition in this sentence: "The ants in the kitchen ate the sweet jelly on the table"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ants ate the jelly. 
B)  The jelly was sweet. 
C)  The table was in the kitchen. 
D)  The ants were in the kitchen. 
A)  The ants ate the jelly. 
B)  The jelly was sweet. 
C)  The table was in the kitchen. 
D)  The ants were in the kitchen.

Question 20

Mirror neurons are active only when an animal sees another animal perform a task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What are the potential costs of using the keyword method?

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

What are abstraction theories? What are exemplar theories?

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

Abstraction theories hold that we store:

How are mirror neurons related to the concept of embodied cognition?

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

According to the amodal symbol system,all information is represented in terms that are specific to a particular perceptual modality.

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

What were the results of Hauk et al.'s (2004)research on embodied cognition?

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

Farah and McClelland (1991)have shown that the dissociation between _ and _ in memory is due to the different features that define the two categories.

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

Which statement is an accurate description of the findings of Brewer and Treyens' (1981)office schema experiment?

Statements about a university such as "A university has professors," "A university has classrooms," and "A university has students" represent:

Wanner (1968)compared memory for exact wording with memory for meaning.Compare the results of warned participants to the results of unwarned participants.

The type of neuron that Rizzolatti and Craighero (2004)described became activated whenever a chimp took a certain action,or watched someone take that action,or heard someone take the action.What name was given to this type of neuron?

Which statement is NOT a primitive proposition in this sentence: "The ants in the kitchen ate the sweet jelly on the table"?

Mirror neurons are active only when an animal sees another animal perform a task.

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 5: Representation of Knowledge

What are the potential costs of using the keyword method?

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

What are abstraction theories? What are exemplar theories?

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

Abstraction theories hold that we store:

How are mirror neurons related to the concept of embodied cognition?

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

According to the amodal symbol system,all information is represented in terms that are specific to a particular perceptual modality.

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

What were the results of Hauk et al.'s (2004)research on embodied cognition?

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

Farah and McClelland (1991)have shown that the dissociation between _____ and _____ in memory is due to the different features that define the two categories.

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

Which statement is an accurate description of the findings of Brewer and Treyens' (1981)office schema experiment?

Statements about a university such as "A university has professors," "A university has classrooms," and "A university has students" represent:

Wanner (1968)compared memory for exact wording with memory for meaning.Compare the results of warned participants to the results of unwarned participants.

The type of neuron that Rizzolatti and Craighero (2004)described became activated whenever a chimp took a certain action,or watched someone take that action,or heard someone take the action.What name was given to this type of neuron?

Which statement is NOT a primitive proposition in this sentence: "The ants in the kitchen ate the sweet jelly on the table"?

Mirror neurons are active only when an animal sees another animal perform a task.

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Farah and McClelland (1991)have shown that the dissociation between _ and _ in memory is due to the different features that define the two categories.