Question 1

What is proceduralization?

Accepted Answer

Proceduralization refers to the process by which people switch from explicit use of declarative knowledge to direct application of procedural knowledge,which enables them to perform the task without thinking about it.

Question 2

Which is NOT a stage in the acquisition of a skill,according to Anderson (1983)?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomous stage 
B)  cognitive stage 
C)  extrapolative stage 
D)  associative stage 
A)  autonomous stage 
B)  cognitive stage 
C)  extrapolative stage 
D)  associative stage C

Question 3

What is negative transfer?

Accepted Answer

Negative transfer is the phenomenon in which learning one skill makes a person worse at learning another skill.

Question 4

_____ is the process by which one learns specific procedures for solving specific problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning 
B)  Proceduralization 
C)  Tactical learning 
D)  Strategic learning 
A)  Learning 
B)  Proceduralization 
C)  Tactical learning 
D)  Strategic learning

Question 5

Chris is learning how to type.He first learns the locations of the keys.He is in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive 
A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive

Question 6

What is tactical learning? What is strategic learning?

Accepted Answer

Tactical learning is the process of lear

Question 7

According to Hayes (1985),no one reaches genius level without at least _____ years of practice.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  30 
C)  20 
D)  10 
A)  40 
B)  30 
C)  20 
D)  10

Question 8

Computers achieve expertise differently than humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When is there transfer between skills?

Accepted Answer

Transfer only occurs

Question 10

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,errors in initial understanding are detected and eliminated.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive 
A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive

Question 11

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  motor cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
A)  basal ganglia 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  motor cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex

Question 12

When chess players are presented with random chessboard configurations:

Accepted Answer

A)  duffers remember the random configurations better than do masters. 
B)  masters remember the random configurations better than do duffers. 
C)  masters remember the random configurations no better than do duffers. 
D)  duffers recall random configurations while masters falsely recall actual configurations. 
A)  duffers remember the random configurations better than do masters. 
B)  masters remember the random configurations better than do duffers. 
C)  masters remember the random configurations no better than do duffers. 
D)  duffers recall random configurations while masters falsely recall actual configurations.

Question 13

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the hippocampus decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which area of the brain is involved in representing a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  the parietal cortex 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  the temporal cortex 
A)  the parietal cortex 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  the temporal cortex

Question 15

What has supported the evolution of human civilization?

Accepted Answer

High level

Question 16

What did de Groot (1965)find in his research on the abilities of chess masters and chess novices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chess masters consider more possible moves before actually executing a move. 
B)  Chess masters have a better memory for the placement of chess pieces on the board than do novices. 
C)  Chess masters have enhanced abilities for cognitive tasks that are qualitatively different than chess. 
D)  Chess masters show a completely different brain activation pattern when considering a move than do novices. 
A)  Chess masters consider more possible moves before actually executing a move. 
B)  Chess masters have a better memory for the placement of chess pieces on the board than do novices. 
C)  Chess masters have enhanced abilities for cognitive tasks that are qualitatively different than chess. 
D)  Chess masters show a completely different brain activation pattern when considering a move than do novices.

Question 17

According to Skoyles (1999),what drove the expansion of the human brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  the need to acquire expertise in novel environments 
B)  the need to create mediums for personal expression 
C)  the need to develop spoken language 
D)  the need to form societal institutions 
A)  the need to acquire expertise in novel environments 
B)  the need to create mediums for personal expression 
C)  the need to develop spoken language 
D)  the need to form societal institutions

Question 18

According to the _____,studying esoteric subjects serves to discipline the mind.

Accepted Answer

A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer 
A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer

Question 19

Approaches to instruction that begin with an analysis of the elements to be taught are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  componential analyses. 
B)  intelligent tutoring systems. 
C)  strategic learning analyses. 
D)  tactical learning analyses. 
A)  componential analyses. 
B)  intelligent tutoring systems. 
C)  strategic learning analyses. 
D)  tactical learning analyses.

Question 20

What did Carraher et al.(1985)discover about Brazilian children who worked as street vendors?

Accepted Answer

A)  The children solved more math problems in the situated context than the lab context. 
B)  The children solved less math problems in the situated context than the lab context. 
C)  The children solved an equal number of math problems in both the situated and lab contexts. 
D)  The children could not solve math problems in the lab context. 
A)  The children solved more math problems in the situated context than the lab context. 
B)  The children solved less math problems in the situated context than the lab context. 
C)  The children solved an equal number of math problems in both the situated and lab contexts. 
D)  The children could not solve math problems in the lab context.

What is proceduralization?

Which is NOT a stage in the acquisition of a skill,according to Anderson (1983)?

What is negative transfer?

_____ is the process by which one learns specific procedures for solving specific problems.

Chris is learning how to type.He first learns the locations of the keys.He is in the _____ stage.

What is tactical learning? What is strategic learning?

According to Hayes (1985),no one reaches genius level without at least _____ years of practice.

Computers achieve expertise differently than humans.

When is there transfer between skills?

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,errors in initial understanding are detected and eliminated.

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ increases.

When chess players are presented with random chessboard configurations:

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the hippocampus decreases.

Which area of the brain is involved in representing a problem?

What has supported the evolution of human civilization?

What did de Groot (1965)find in his research on the abilities of chess masters and chess novices?

According to Skoyles (1999),what drove the expansion of the human brain?

According to the _____,studying esoteric subjects serves to discipline the mind.

Approaches to instruction that begin with an analysis of the elements to be taught are called:

What did Carraher et al.(1985)discover about Brazilian children who worked as street vendors?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 9: Expertise

What is proceduralization?

Which is NOT a stage in the acquisition of a skill,according to Anderson (1983)?

What is negative transfer?

_____ is the process by which one learns specific procedures for solving specific problems.

Chris is learning how to type.He first learns the locations of the keys.He is in the _____ stage.

What is tactical learning? What is strategic learning?

According to Hayes (1985),no one reaches genius level without at least _____ years of practice.

Computers achieve expertise differently than humans.

When is there transfer between skills?

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,errors in initial understanding are detected and eliminated.

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ increases.

When chess players are presented with random chessboard configurations:

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the hippocampus decreases.

Which area of the brain is involved in representing a problem?

What has supported the evolution of human civilization?

What did de Groot (1965)find in his research on the abilities of chess masters and chess novices?

According to Skoyles (1999),what drove the expansion of the human brain?

According to the _____,studying esoteric subjects serves to discipline the mind.

Approaches to instruction that begin with an analysis of the elements to be taught are called:

What did Carraher et al.(1985)discover about Brazilian children who worked as street vendors?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters