Question 1

How are visual perceptions different from visual images? Make sure to discuss the work of Chambers and Reisberg (1985).

Accepted Answer

In a study by Chambers and Reisberg (1985),participants were asked to look briefly at a reversible figure,but they were only given enough time to form one interpretation of the figure before it was removed.Participants were then asked to try to find a second interpretation,but they were not able to do so.When they drew the image,however,they were able to reinterpret it.This result suggests that mental images differ from pictures in that one can interpret visual images only in one way,and it is not possible to find an alternative interpretation of the image.This suggests that mental images may be more difficult to process than real perceptions.

Question 2

How do physical maps differ from cognitive maps?

Accepted Answer

Physical maps show the effects of orientation,and cognitive maps do not.For example,imagine yourself standing against various walls of your bedroom and pointing to the location of the front door of your home or apartment.Most people can do this equally well no matter which position they take.In contrast,when people are given a physical map-like an allocentric representation-they find it much easier to point to various objects on the map if they are oriented in the same way the map is.

Question 3

Why are mental maps sometimes distorted?

Accepted Answer

Mental maps are sometimes distorted because we organize them according to a hierarchical structure,with smaller regions located inside larger regions.This is why,for example,people often make errors when consulting a mental map to answer questions about North American geography.

Question 4

Describe the evidence that links the hippocampus to humans' ability to navigate through their world.

Accepted Answer

•Brain-imaging studies show high activat

Question 5

Route maps are to _____ as survey maps are to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  action plans;visual images 
B)  visual images;action plans 
C)  2-D representations;3-D representations 
D)  3-D representations;2-D representations 
A)  action plans;visual images 
B)  visual images;action plans 
C)  2-D representations;3-D representations 
D)  3-D representations;2-D representations

Question 6

Dennett argued that mental images are:

Accepted Answer

A)  real perceptual experiences. 
B)  functional. 
C)  epiphenomenal. 
D)  allocentric. 
A)  real perceptual experiences. 
B)  functional. 
C)  epiphenomenal. 
D)  allocentric.

Question 7

A mental experience that does NOT have any functional role in information processing is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphenomenon. 
B)  distortion. 
C)  image. 
D)  Ponzo illusion. 
A)  epiphenomenon. 
B)  distortion. 
C)  image. 
D)  Ponzo illusion.

Question 8

Santa presented an array of three geometric objects and then tested subjects with either the same configuration or a linear rearrangement of the objects.The results showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects were faster when the test array preserved the original spatial information. 
B)  subjects were faster when the test array was presented in linear form. 
C)  there was no difference between the spatial and the linear presentations. 
D)  subject were more accurate in the linear configuration but faster in the spatial configuration. 
A)  subjects were faster when the test array preserved the original spatial information. 
B)  subjects were faster when the test array was presented in linear form. 
C)  there was no difference between the spatial and the linear presentations. 
D)  subject were more accurate in the linear configuration but faster in the spatial configuration.

Question 9

What is a route map? What is a survey map?

Accepted Answer

A route map provides turn-by-t

Question 10

What evidence suggests that it is more difficult to process an image than a real perception?

Accepted Answer

In a study by Chambers and Reisberg (198

Question 11

Moyer's (1973)study of discrimination decisions based on mental imagery yielded which result?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier for participants to answer "yes" or "no" to verbal questions while performing a mental imagery task if they can tap the hand once for "yes" and twice for "no" rather than answering aloud. 
B)  The same visual pathways are employed for both visual perception and visual imagery. 
C)  Participants' cognitive maps are skewed as to the north/south and east/west locations of well-known locations. 
D)  Participants find it more difficult to make "larger-smaller" determinations between animal species if the animals are similar in size. 
A)  It is easier for participants to answer "yes" or "no" to verbal questions while performing a mental imagery task if they can tap the hand once for "yes" and twice for "no" rather than answering aloud. 
B)  The same visual pathways are employed for both visual perception and visual imagery. 
C)  Participants' cognitive maps are skewed as to the north/south and east/west locations of well-known locations. 
D)  Participants find it more difficult to make "larger-smaller" determinations between animal species if the animals are similar in size.

Question 12

Describe the study by Stevens and Coupe (1978).What does this study teach us about mental imagery?

Accepted Answer

Mental maps are sometimes distorted beca

Question 13

What is the significance of Chambers and Reisberg's (1985)mental imagery experiment that employed the reversible duck-rabbit figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a difference between a mental image and visual perception of a real object. 
B)  Perception of ambiguous objects is greatly influenced by perceptual priming. 
C)  Verbal processing of ambiguous figures disrupts an individual's ability to perceive both images. 
D)  There are age differences in visual images-adolescents and young adults have a greater ability to perceive both parts of an ambiguous image. 
A)  There is a difference between a mental image and visual perception of a real object. 
B)  Perception of ambiguous objects is greatly influenced by perceptual priming. 
C)  Verbal processing of ambiguous figures disrupts an individual's ability to perceive both images. 
D)  There are age differences in visual images-adolescents and young adults have a greater ability to perceive both parts of an ambiguous image.

Question 14

What is mental rotation? Describe the seminal work on mental rotation.How does mental rotation relate to the larger topic of mental imagery?

Accepted Answer

Mental rotation refers to the mind's abi

Question 15

Which conclusion was reached in the study by Farah,et al.(1988)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain pathways involved in visual imagery are very similar to those activated in visual perception. 
B)  Visual imagery is a qualitatively different process than other types of imagery. 
C)  The temporal lobe is activated by imagery tasks involving visual detail,but not those that require spatial judgment. 
D)  The superior colliculus is an important structure in visual imagery. 
A)  The brain pathways involved in visual imagery are very similar to those activated in visual perception. 
B)  Visual imagery is a qualitatively different process than other types of imagery. 
C)  The temporal lobe is activated by imagery tasks involving visual detail,but not those that require spatial judgment. 
D)  The superior colliculus is an important structure in visual imagery.

Question 16

Mental images are:

Accepted Answer

A)  neural cells activated in a spatial pattern that literally recreate external scenes in the head. 
B)  patterned responses in the brain's feature detectors that result in illusory content. 
C)  produced by segmenting scenes into geons that coincide with key object features. 
D)  the mind's representation of external scenes or objects that makes it seem as though one is seeing the object being envisioned. 
A)  neural cells activated in a spatial pattern that literally recreate external scenes in the head. 
B)  patterned responses in the brain's feature detectors that result in illusory content. 
C)  produced by segmenting scenes into geons that coincide with key object features. 
D)  the mind's representation of external scenes or objects that makes it seem as though one is seeing the object being envisioned.

Question 17

Which brain structure has been strongly implicated in the ability to navigate through the environment using a map?

Accepted Answer

A)  the thalamus 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the parietal lobe 
D)  the basal ganglia 
A)  the thalamus 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the parietal lobe 
D)  the basal ganglia

Question 18

Asked to estimate the size of two animals,subjects generally:

Accepted Answer

A)  took longer to estimate size when the difference was small. 
B)  took longer to estimate size as the difference increased. 
C)  were very inaccurate in estimating as the absolute size of the animals decreased. 
D)  were unable to estimate size accurately as the difference increased. 
A)  took longer to estimate size when the difference was small. 
B)  took longer to estimate size as the difference increased. 
C)  were very inaccurate in estimating as the absolute size of the animals decreased. 
D)  were unable to estimate size accurately as the difference increased.

Question 19

When Stevens and Coupe presented congruent or incongruent maps to people and asked them to make judgments about location of cities,they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most subjects were able to ignore regional incongruence and still report city location accurately. 
B)  subjects tend to use larger areas to locate smaller units like cities. 
C)  subjects were unable to correct for incongruence,and judgments broke down completely. 
D)  people generally depend on feature-level detail rather than higher-order data in making judgments. 
A)  most subjects were able to ignore regional incongruence and still report city location accurately. 
B)  subjects tend to use larger areas to locate smaller units like cities. 
C)  subjects were unable to correct for incongruence,and judgments broke down completely. 
D)  people generally depend on feature-level detail rather than higher-order data in making judgments.

Question 20

Your path from location A to location B is blocked.What will happen if you are using a route map? What will happen if you are using a survey map?

Accepted Answer

With a route map,you would only be given

How are visual perceptions different from visual images? Make sure to discuss the work of Chambers and Reisberg (1985).

How do physical maps differ from cognitive maps?

Why are mental maps sometimes distorted?

Describe the evidence that links the hippocampus to humans' ability to navigate through their world.

Route maps are to _ as survey maps are to _.

Dennett argued that mental images are:

A mental experience that does NOT have any functional role in information processing is referred to as a(n):

Santa presented an array of three geometric objects and then tested subjects with either the same configuration or a linear rearrangement of the objects.The results showed that:

What is a route map? What is a survey map?

What evidence suggests that it is more difficult to process an image than a real perception?

Moyer's (1973)study of discrimination decisions based on mental imagery yielded which result?

Describe the study by Stevens and Coupe (1978).What does this study teach us about mental imagery?

What is the significance of Chambers and Reisberg's (1985)mental imagery experiment that employed the reversible duck-rabbit figure?

What is mental rotation? Describe the seminal work on mental rotation.How does mental rotation relate to the larger topic of mental imagery?

Which conclusion was reached in the study by Farah,et al.(1988)?

Mental images are:

Which brain structure has been strongly implicated in the ability to navigate through the environment using a map?

Asked to estimate the size of two animals,subjects generally:

When Stevens and Coupe presented congruent or incongruent maps to people and asked them to make judgments about location of cities,they found that:

Your path from location A to location B is blocked.What will happen if you are using a route map? What will happen if you are using a survey map?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 4: Mental Imagery

How are visual perceptions different from visual images? Make sure to discuss the work of Chambers and Reisberg (1985).

How do physical maps differ from cognitive maps?

Why are mental maps sometimes distorted?

Describe the evidence that links the hippocampus to humans' ability to navigate through their world.

Route maps are to _____ as survey maps are to _____.

Dennett argued that mental images are:

A mental experience that does NOT have any functional role in information processing is referred to as a(n):

Santa presented an array of three geometric objects and then tested subjects with either the same configuration or a linear rearrangement of the objects.The results showed that:

What is a route map? What is a survey map?

What evidence suggests that it is more difficult to process an image than a real perception?

Moyer's (1973)study of discrimination decisions based on mental imagery yielded which result?

Describe the study by Stevens and Coupe (1978).What does this study teach us about mental imagery?

What is the significance of Chambers and Reisberg's (1985)mental imagery experiment that employed the reversible duck-rabbit figure?

What is mental rotation? Describe the seminal work on mental rotation.How does mental rotation relate to the larger topic of mental imagery?

Which conclusion was reached in the study by Farah,et al.(1988)?

Mental images are:

Which brain structure has been strongly implicated in the ability to navigate through the environment using a map?

Asked to estimate the size of two animals,subjects generally:

When Stevens and Coupe presented congruent or incongruent maps to people and asked them to make judgments about location of cities,they found that:

Your path from location A to location B is blocked.What will happen if you are using a route map? What will happen if you are using a survey map?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Route maps are to _ as survey maps are to _.