Question 1

Following a nerve impulse,what triggers the opening of plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca2+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A) membrane hyperpolarization 
B) binding of an appropriate ligand 
C) membrane depolarization 
D) membrane hypopolarization 
E) binding of K+ ions 
A) membrane hyperpolarization 
B) binding of an appropriate ligand 
C) membrane depolarization 
D) membrane hypopolarization 
E) binding of K+ ions

Question 2

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _______ ions,in a phenomenon called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium,calcium-integrated calcium release 
B) calcium,calcium-induced calcium release 
C) potassium,potassium-induced calcium release 
D) chlorine,chlorine-induced calcium release 
E) copper,copper-induced calcium release 
A) calcium,calcium-integrated calcium release 
B) calcium,calcium-induced calcium release 
C) potassium,potassium-induced calcium release 
D) chlorine,chlorine-induced calcium release 
E) copper,copper-induced calcium release

Question 3

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) activator 
B) effector 
C) affector 
D) refractor 
E) generator 
A) activator 
B) effector 
C) affector 
D) refractor 
E) generator

Question 4

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Accepted Answer

A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter 
A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter

Question 5

Where are the olfactory receptor cells located?

Accepted Answer

A) the brain 
B) the nasal septum 
C) the nasal mucosa 
D) the surface of the tongue 
E) the nasal serosa 
A) the brain 
B) the nasal septum 
C) the nasal mucosa 
D) the surface of the tongue 
E) the nasal serosa

Question 6

The addition of nitric oxide to the sulfhydryl groups of certain cysteine residues in a number of proteins,including hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases alters the activity,turnover or interactions of the proteins.This posttranslational modification is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) S-nitrosylation 
B) SH-nitrosylation 
C) sulfhydration 
D) nitrofruition 
E) nitric acidification 
A) S-nitrosylation 
B) SH-nitrosylation 
C) sulfhydration 
D) nitrofruition 
E) nitric acidification

Question 7

What is the name of a calcium-binding protein that acts in conjunction with calcium to bring about the responses associated with cytoplasmic rises in calcium ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

A) calpectin 
B) calmodulin 
C) calcariain 
D) callistin 
E) modulocalcin 
A) calpectin 
B) calmodulin 
C) calcariain 
D) callistin 
E) modulocalcin

Question 8

Which of the following is (are)not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers?

Accepted Answer

A) Each signaling pathway consists of a series of distinct proteins that operate in sequence. 
B) Each protein in the pathway typically acts by altering the conformation of the previous (upstream)protein in the series,an event that activates or inhibits the protein. 
C) Alterations in the conformations of signaling proteins are often accomplished by protein kinases and protein phosphatases that,respectively,add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins. 
D) Some phosphatases and protein kinases in the pathway have numerous proteins as their substrates;others act on only a single protein substrate or a single amino acid of a protein substrate. 
E) Many of the protein substrates of the pathway enzymes are enzymes themselves,like other kinases and phosphatases,but they include ion channels,transcription factors and various regulatory molecules. 
A) Each signaling pathway consists of a series of distinct proteins that operate in sequence. 
B) Each protein in the pathway typically acts by altering the conformation of the previous (upstream)protein in the series,an event that activates or inhibits the protein. 
C) Alterations in the conformations of signaling proteins are often accomplished by protein kinases and protein phosphatases that,respectively,add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins. 
D) Some phosphatases and protein kinases in the pathway have numerous proteins as their substrates;others act on only a single protein substrate or a single amino acid of a protein substrate. 
E) Many of the protein substrates of the pathway enzymes are enzymes themselves,like other kinases and phosphatases,but they include ion channels,transcription factors and various regulatory molecules.

Question 9

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too low to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
B) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too high to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
C) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are destroyed. 
D) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are produced. 
E) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions preferentially bind to another protein in the cytosol. 
A) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too low to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
B) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too high to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
C) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are destroyed. 
D) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are produced. 
E) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions preferentially bind to another protein in the cytosol.

Question 10

In cells exposed to stressful stimuli,like X-rays or damaging chemicals,what response does the MAP kinase cascade coordinate?

Accepted Answer

A) cell proliferation 
B) withdrawal from the cell cycle 
C) rapid differentiation 
D) slowing of the Krebs cycle 
E) a loss of sensory ability 
A) cell proliferation 
B) withdrawal from the cell cycle 
C) rapid differentiation 
D) slowing of the Krebs cycle 
E) a loss of sensory ability

Question 11

Which signaling molecules are nonpolar molecules containing 20 carbons that are derived from a fatty acid named arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) eicosanoids 
B) steroids 
C) acetylcholine 
D) acetylsalicylic acid 
E) epinephrine 
A) eicosanoids 
B) steroids 
C) acetylcholine 
D) acetylsalicylic acid 
E) epinephrine

Question 12

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs,to what else can arrestins bind?

Accepted Answer

A) G proteins 
B) clathrin molecules in clathrin-coated pits 
C) other arrestins 
D) hormones 
E) GRKs 
A) G proteins 
B) clathrin molecules in clathrin-coated pits 
C) other arrestins 
D) hormones 
E) GRKs

Question 13

What role do activated steroid receptors play in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) activation of inactive enzymes 
B) inactivation of active enzymes 
C) ligand-regulated transcription factors 
D) opening of specific ion channels 
E) activation of cytoplasmic proteins 
A) activation of inactive enzymes 
B) inactivation of active enzymes 
C) ligand-regulated transcription factors 
D) opening of specific ion channels 
E) activation of cytoplasmic proteins

Question 14

Two $\alpha$$\beta$ heterodimers of the insulin receptor are held together by ____ between the _______.

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds,$\alpha$ chains 
B) ionic bonds,$\beta$ chains 
C) disulfide bonds,$\alpha$ chains 
D) disulfide bonds,$\beta$ chains 
E) disulfide bonds,$\alpha$chain of one heterodimer and the  chain of the other 
A) ionic bonds,$\alpha$ chains 
B) ionic bonds,$\beta$ chains 
C) disulfide bonds,$\alpha$ chains 
D) disulfide bonds,$\beta$ chains 
E) disulfide bonds,$\alpha$chain of one heterodimer and the  chain of the other

Question 15

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) tumor angiogenesis factor 
B) tumor death factor 
C) tumor necrosis factor 
D) necromancer factor 
E) tumorigenic factor 
A) tumor angiogenesis factor 
B) tumor death factor 
C) tumor necrosis factor 
D) necromancer factor 
E) tumorigenic factor

Question 16

What recruits cytoplasmic GRKs (G protein-coupled receptor kinases)to the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of certain G proteins 
B) destruction of the GPCRs 
C) activation of GPCRs 
D) inhibition of the GPCRs 
E) destruction of the hormone 
A) inhibition of certain G proteins 
B) destruction of the GPCRs 
C) activation of GPCRs 
D) inhibition of the GPCRs 
E) destruction of the hormone

Question 17

How does Viagra enhance erectile function of the penis?

Accepted Answer

A) by inhibiting nitric oxide release 
B) by inhibiting guanylyl cyclase activity 
C) by preventing cGMP production 
D) by inhibiting cGMP phosphodiesterase 
E) by inhibiting cGMP phosphatase 
A) by inhibiting nitric oxide release 
B) by inhibiting guanylyl cyclase activity 
C) by preventing cGMP production 
D) by inhibiting cGMP phosphodiesterase 
E) by inhibiting cGMP phosphatase

Question 18

_____ is formed from the amino acid L-______ in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrous oxide,arginine,nitrous oxide synthase 
B) Nitric oxide,asparagine,nitric oxide synthase 
C) Nitric oxide,alanine,nitric oxide synthase 
D) Nitric oxide,arginine,nitric oxide synthase 
E) Nitrous oxide,arginine,nitric oxide synthase 
A) Nitrous oxide,arginine,nitrous oxide synthase 
B) Nitric oxide,asparagine,nitric oxide synthase 
C) Nitric oxide,alanine,nitric oxide synthase 
D) Nitric oxide,arginine,nitric oxide synthase 
E) Nitrous oxide,arginine,nitric oxide synthase

Question 19

Each TNFR1 receptor subunit has a cytoplasmic domain with a segment of about 70 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions.This domain of the receptor is referred to as the ______ domain.

Accepted Answer

A) central 
B) morte 
C) death 
D) terminal 
E) cytoplasmic 
A) central 
B) morte 
C) death 
D) terminal 
E) cytoplasmic

Question 20

What is the function of carbon number 1 on the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol?

Accepted Answer

A) It binds to steroid receptors. 
B) It joins inositol to diacylglycerol. 
C) It joins a phosphate group to diacyglycerol. 
D) It joins glucose to diacylglycerol. 
E) It joins two diacyglycerol molecules together. 
A) It binds to steroid receptors. 
B) It joins inositol to diacylglycerol. 
C) It joins a phosphate group to diacyglycerol. 
D) It joins glucose to diacylglycerol. 
E) It joins two diacyglycerol molecules together.

Following a nerve impulse,what triggers the opening of plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca2+ channels?

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _ ions,in a phenomenon called _.

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Where are the olfactory receptor cells located?

The addition of nitric oxide to the sulfhydryl groups of certain cysteine residues in a number of proteins,including hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases alters the activity,turnover or interactions of the proteins.This posttranslational modification is called _______.

What is the name of a calcium-binding protein that acts in conjunction with calcium to bring about the responses associated with cytoplasmic rises in calcium ion concentration?

Which of the following is (are)not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers?

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

In cells exposed to stressful stimuli,like X-rays or damaging chemicals,what response does the MAP kinase cascade coordinate?

Which signaling molecules are nonpolar molecules containing 20 carbons that are derived from a fatty acid named arachidonic acid?

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs,to what else can arrestins bind?

What role do activated steroid receptors play in the cell?

Two $\alpha$ $\beta$ heterodimers of the insulin receptor are held together by between the ___.

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

What recruits cytoplasmic GRKs (G protein-coupled receptor kinases)to the plasma membrane?

How does Viagra enhance erectile function of the penis?

_ is formed from the amino acid L- in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ___.

Each TNFR1 receptor subunit has a cytoplasmic domain with a segment of about 70 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions.This domain of the receptor is referred to as the ______ domain.

What is the function of carbon number 1 on the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

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Exam 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Following a nerve impulse,what triggers the opening of plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca2+ channels?

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _______ ions,in a phenomenon called _______.

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Where are the olfactory receptor cells located?

The addition of nitric oxide to the sulfhydryl groups of certain cysteine residues in a number of proteins,including hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases alters the activity,turnover or interactions of the proteins.This posttranslational modification is called _______.

What is the name of a calcium-binding protein that acts in conjunction with calcium to bring about the responses associated with cytoplasmic rises in calcium ion concentration?

Which of the following is (are)not characteristics of the pathways activated by second messengers?

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

In cells exposed to stressful stimuli,like X-rays or damaging chemicals,what response does the MAP kinase cascade coordinate?

Which signaling molecules are nonpolar molecules containing 20 carbons that are derived from a fatty acid named arachidonic acid?

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs,to what else can arrestins bind?

What role do activated steroid receptors play in the cell?

Two α\alphaαβ\betaβ heterodimers of the insulin receptor are held together by ____ between the _______.

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

What recruits cytoplasmic GRKs (G protein-coupled receptor kinases)to the plasma membrane?

How does Viagra enhance erectile function of the penis?

_____ is formed from the amino acid L-______ in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme _____.

Each TNFR1 receptor subunit has a cytoplasmic domain with a segment of about 70 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions.This domain of the receptor is referred to as the ______ domain.

What is the function of carbon number 1 on the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _ ions,in a phenomenon called _.

Two $\alpha$ $\beta$ heterodimers of the insulin receptor are held together by between the ___.

_ is formed from the amino acid L- in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ___.