Question 1

The interaction between the membranes of vesicles and their target compartment is mediated by which proteins below?

Accepted Answer

A) ARF1s 
B) SNAREs 
C) SNARFs 
D) Sar1s 
E) Rafs 
A) ARF1s 
B) SNAREs 
C) SNARFs 
D) Sar1s 
E) Rafs B

Question 2

A cellular phenomenon called _________ is a process in which cells produce small RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) RNAi 
B) cRNAs 
C) RNAi and RNA interference 
D) RNA interference 
E) RNAa 
A) RNAi 
B) cRNAs 
C) RNAi and RNA interference 
D) RNA interference 
E) RNAa C

Question 3

What is thought to direct the movement of vesicles through the cytoplasm to their final destination?

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments\ 
B) microtubules 
C) intermediate filaments 
D) collagen 
E) keratin 
A) microfilaments\ 
B) microtubules 
C) intermediate filaments 
D) collagen 
E) keratin B

Question 4

You are studying the effects of a number of treatments on the nervous system of a particular species of lab animal.One of the treatments is able to block the process of autophagy and it can be administered with enough precision to localize the treatment to a particular portion of the brain.What effect does such a treatment have on the animal's brain and what do the results suggest?

Accepted Answer

When treated in this fashion,the specifi

Question 5

Many of the proteins that reside within the thylakoid membrane are encoded by chloroplast genes and synthesized on __________.

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes floating in the stroma 
B) ribosomes bound to the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane 
C) ribosomes bound to the inner chloroplast membrane 
D) ribosomes inside the thylakoid disks 
E) cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A) ribosomes floating in the stroma 
B) ribosomes bound to the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane 
C) ribosomes bound to the inner chloroplast membrane 
D) ribosomes inside the thylakoid disks 
E) cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 6

The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane contains elevated levels of _____,which plays an important role in the recruitment of proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis,like dynamin and AP2.

Accepted Answer

A) PI(4,5)P2 
B) PI(4)P 
C) PI(3,5)P2 
D) PI(3,4)P2 
E) PI(5)P 
A) PI(4,5)P2 
B) PI(4)P 
C) PI(3,5)P2 
D) PI(3,4)P2 
E) PI(5)P

Question 7

Approaches other than enzyme replacement therapy for treatment of lysosomal storage diseases have shown some promise.What are they and how do they work?

Accepted Answer

It is unfortunate that many lysosomal st

Question 8

What would happen if the enzyme that adds phosphate groups to the appropriate mannose residues on the carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes were defective?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosomal enzymes would be localized to lysosomes 
B) Lysosomal enzymes would be localized to peroxisomes. 
C) Lysosomal enzymes would continue through the Golgi complex to secretory vesicles and would eventually be secreted. 
D) Lysosomal enzymes would be degraded 
E) Lysosomal enzymes would be degraded. 
A) Lysosomal enzymes would be localized to lysosomes 
B) Lysosomal enzymes would be localized to peroxisomes. 
C) Lysosomal enzymes would continue through the Golgi complex to secretory vesicles and would eventually be secreted. 
D) Lysosomal enzymes would be degraded 
E) Lysosomal enzymes would be degraded.

Question 9

How many mitochondrial subcompartments exist into which proteins can be delivered?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 10

What determines the specificity of vesicle fusion to a target membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) interactions between tethering proteins alone 
B) interactions between Rabs alone 
C) interactions between specific combinations of interacting proteins,including tethering proteins,Rabs and SNAREs assembled at that site in the cell 
D) interactions between SNAREs alone 
E) a single protein in the membrane of the particular vesicle and target membrane 
A) interactions between tethering proteins alone 
B) interactions between Rabs alone 
C) interactions between specific combinations of interacting proteins,including tethering proteins,Rabs and SNAREs assembled at that site in the cell 
D) interactions between SNAREs alone 
E) a single protein in the membrane of the particular vesicle and target membrane

Question 11

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

Accepted Answer

A) a thylakoid transfer domain 
B) a thylakoid lumen domain 
C) a transit peptidase 
D) a stroma-targeting domain 
E) a matrix-targeting domain 
A) a thylakoid transfer domain 
B) a thylakoid lumen domain 
C) a transit peptidase 
D) a stroma-targeting domain 
E) a matrix-targeting domain

Question 12

Which endosomes are typically located in the more interior part of the cell,near the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) late endosomes 
B) early endosomes 
C) medial lysosomes 
D) medial endosomes 
E) intellosomes 
A) late endosomes 
B) early endosomes 
C) medial lysosomes 
D) medial endosomes 
E) intellosomes

Question 13

What mediates the interaction between integral membrane proteins to be transported in COPII-coated vesicles and the COPII-coat?

Accepted Answer

A) ER export signals in the luminal tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
B) ER export signals in the cytosolic tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
C) ER export signals in ER phospholipids that interact with the membrane proteins 
D) ER export signals in carbohydrates on the cytosolic tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
E) ER export signals in carbohydrates on the luminal tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
A) ER export signals in the luminal tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
B) ER export signals in the cytosolic tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
C) ER export signals in ER phospholipids that interact with the membrane proteins 
D) ER export signals in carbohydrates on the cytosolic tails of integral ER membrane proteins 
E) ER export signals in carbohydrates on the luminal tails of integral ER membrane proteins

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between the coats of COPII- and clathrin-coated vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A) The inner layer of adaptor proteins of COPII-coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of clathrin-coated vesicles do not overlap. 
B) The outer scaffold subunits of the clathrin lattice of coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of the COPII lattice of coated vesicles do not overlap. 
C) The outer scaffold subunits of the COPII lattice of coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of the clathrin lattice of coated vesicles do not overlap. 
D) The clathrin-coated vesicles have three distinct layers,while the COPII-coated vesicles have two distinct layers. 
A) The inner layer of adaptor proteins of COPII-coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of clathrin-coated vesicles do not overlap. 
B) The outer scaffold subunits of the clathrin lattice of coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of the COPII lattice of coated vesicles do not overlap. 
C) The outer scaffold subunits of the COPII lattice of coated vesicles overlap extensively,while those of the clathrin lattice of coated vesicles do not overlap. 
D) The clathrin-coated vesicles have three distinct layers,while the COPII-coated vesicles have two distinct layers.

Question 15

A control cell that is synthesizing a GFP-labeled version of mannosidase II has fluorescence localized in the numerous Golgi complexes of the cell.Normally,this enzyme is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and moves via transport vesicles to the Golgi complex,where it takes up residence.If an experimental cell contains an siRNA that leads to the fluorescence being restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum,with what would the siRNA be likely to interfere?

Accepted Answer

A) an mRNA that codes for a protein involved in the transport of the enzyme from the ER to the Golgi complex 
B) an rRNA that synthesizes the enzyme 
C) the synthesis of mannosidase II from its mRNA 
D) an mRNA that codes for a protein involved in the transport of the enzyme from the Golgi complex to the ER 
E) an mRNA that codes for the enzyme 
A) an mRNA that codes for a protein involved in the transport of the enzyme from the ER to the Golgi complex 
B) an rRNA that synthesizes the enzyme 
C) the synthesis of mannosidase II from its mRNA 
D) an mRNA that codes for a protein involved in the transport of the enzyme from the Golgi complex to the ER 
E) an mRNA that codes for the enzyme

Question 16

What is one problem created by the detoxifying enzymes of the SER?

Accepted Answer

A) They often create compounds that cause excessive weight gain. 
B) They often create compounds that cause excessive weight loss. 
C) They can cause a compound to be converted into a carcinogen. 
D) They can cause the denaturation of an essential enzyme or protein. 
E) They can lead to addiction. 
A) They often create compounds that cause excessive weight gain. 
B) They often create compounds that cause excessive weight loss. 
C) They can cause a compound to be converted into a carcinogen. 
D) They can cause the denaturation of an essential enzyme or protein. 
E) They can lead to addiction.

Question 17

Which of the following strategies is used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis,to avoid being destroyed by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacterium crystallizes the enzymes in the phagolysosome. 
B) The bacterium inhibits fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome. 
C) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome,but neither the acidic pH nor the lysosomal enzymes can destroy it. 
D) The bacterium produces proteins that destroy lysosomal membrane integrity so that the bacterium can escape into the cell cytosol. 
E) The bacterium neutralizes the enzymes in the lysosome. 
A) The bacterium crystallizes the enzymes in the phagolysosome. 
B) The bacterium inhibits fusion of the phagosome with a lysosome. 
C) The bacterium allows fusion with the lysosome,but neither the acidic pH nor the lysosomal enzymes can destroy it. 
D) The bacterium produces proteins that destroy lysosomal membrane integrity so that the bacterium can escape into the cell cytosol. 
E) The bacterium neutralizes the enzymes in the lysosome.

Question 18

How are signaling receptors typically marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction? What evidence demonstrates ubiquitin's role in the internalization of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Signaling receptors are typically marked

Question 19

Which of the following are proposed functions of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

A) It plays a role in organelle turnover. 
B) It is used to cannibalize organelles when a cell is deprived of nutrients. 
C) It protects organisms against intracellular threats like abnormal protein aggregates and invading bacteria. 
D) It plays a role in the regulated destruction of the cell's own organelles and their replacement. 
E) All of the other answers are correct. 
A) It plays a role in organelle turnover. 
B) It is used to cannibalize organelles when a cell is deprived of nutrients. 
C) It protects organisms against intracellular threats like abnormal protein aggregates and invading bacteria. 
D) It plays a role in the regulated destruction of the cell's own organelles and their replacement. 
E) All of the other answers are correct.

Question 20

The N-terminal targeting sequence of mitochondrial-matrix proteins is ultimately removed by _______ following import into the matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) signal peptidase 
B) mitochondrial processing peptidase 
C) mitochondrial processing lipase 
D) mitochodrial signal peptidase 
E) mitochondrial signalase 
A) signal peptidase 
B) mitochondrial processing peptidase 
C) mitochondrial processing lipase 
D) mitochodrial signal peptidase 
E) mitochondrial signalase

The interaction between the membranes of vesicles and their target compartment is mediated by which proteins below?

A cellular phenomenon called _________ is a process in which cells produce small RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into proteins.

What is thought to direct the movement of vesicles through the cytoplasm to their final destination?

Many of the proteins that reside within the thylakoid membrane are encoded by chloroplast genes and synthesized on __________.

The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane contains elevated levels of _____,which plays an important role in the recruitment of proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis,like dynamin and AP2.

Approaches other than enzyme replacement therapy for treatment of lysosomal storage diseases have shown some promise.What are they and how do they work?

What would happen if the enzyme that adds phosphate groups to the appropriate mannose residues on the carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes were defective?

How many mitochondrial subcompartments exist into which proteins can be delivered?

What determines the specificity of vesicle fusion to a target membrane?

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

Which endosomes are typically located in the more interior part of the cell,near the nucleus?

What mediates the interaction between integral membrane proteins to be transported in COPII-coated vesicles and the COPII-coat?

Which of the following is a difference between the coats of COPII- and clathrin-coated vesicles?

What is one problem created by the detoxifying enzymes of the SER?

Which of the following strategies is used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis,to avoid being destroyed by phagocytosis?

How are signaling receptors typically marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction? What evidence demonstrates ubiquitin's role in the internalization of membrane proteins?

Which of the following are proposed functions of autophagy?

The N-terminal targeting sequence of mitochondrial-matrix proteins is ultimately removed by _______ following import into the matrix.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 8: Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The interaction between the membranes of vesicles and their target compartment is mediated by which proteins below?

A cellular phenomenon called _________ is a process in which cells produce small RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into proteins.

What is thought to direct the movement of vesicles through the cytoplasm to their final destination?

Many of the proteins that reside within the thylakoid membrane are encoded by chloroplast genes and synthesized on __________.

The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane contains elevated levels of _____,which plays an important role in the recruitment of proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis,like dynamin and AP2.

Approaches other than enzyme replacement therapy for treatment of lysosomal storage diseases have shown some promise.What are they and how do they work?

What would happen if the enzyme that adds phosphate groups to the appropriate mannose residues on the carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes were defective?

How many mitochondrial subcompartments exist into which proteins can be delivered?

What determines the specificity of vesicle fusion to a target membrane?

Proteins that are destined to be translocated through the chloroplast envelope into the stroma must have a transit peptide including _______.

Which endosomes are typically located in the more interior part of the cell,near the nucleus?

What mediates the interaction between integral membrane proteins to be transported in COPII-coated vesicles and the COPII-coat?

Which of the following is a difference between the coats of COPII- and clathrin-coated vesicles?

What is one problem created by the detoxifying enzymes of the SER?

Which of the following strategies is used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis,to avoid being destroyed by phagocytosis?

How are signaling receptors typically marked for endocytosis and subsequent destruction? What evidence demonstrates ubiquitin's role in the internalization of membrane proteins?

Which of the following are proposed functions of autophagy?

The N-terminal targeting sequence of mitochondrial-matrix proteins is ultimately removed by _______ following import into the matrix.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters