Question 1

What is thought to be the origin of immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A) They may be derived from immune system molecules in invertebrates. 
B) They may be derived from cell-adhesion receptors in invertebrates. 
C) They may be derived from cell-adhesion receptors in fish. 
D) They may be derived from cell-adhesion molecules in amphibians. 
E) They may be derived from immune system molecules in reptiles. 
A) They may be derived from immune system molecules in invertebrates. 
B) They may be derived from cell-adhesion receptors in invertebrates. 
C) They may be derived from cell-adhesion receptors in fish. 
D) They may be derived from cell-adhesion molecules in amphibians. 
E) They may be derived from immune system molecules in reptiles.

Question 2

Evidence strongly suggests that the bent conformation of an integrin is _______ and unable to bind its ligand.

Accepted Answer

A) loose 
B) active 
C) tight 
D) stretched 
E) inactive 
A) loose 
B) active 
C) tight 
D) stretched 
E) inactive

Question 3

What would be the effect on primordial germ cells when an embryo is exposed to laminin-specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) They arrive at the developing gonad more quickly. 
B) Their movement to the developing gonad is disrupted. 
C) They begin to divide rapidly. 
D) They increase greatly in size. 
E) Their nuclei disintegrate. 
A) They arrive at the developing gonad more quickly. 
B) Their movement to the developing gonad is disrupted. 
C) They begin to divide rapidly. 
D) They increase greatly in size. 
E) Their nuclei disintegrate.

Question 4

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _______ when the interaction is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) stronger,placed under mechanical stress 
B) weaker,placed under mechanical stress 
C) stronger,exposed to a higher temperature 
D) more elastic,exposed to a higher temperature 
E) more elastic,placed under mechanical stress 
A) stronger,placed under mechanical stress 
B) weaker,placed under mechanical stress 
C) stronger,exposed to a higher temperature 
D) more elastic,exposed to a higher temperature 
E) more elastic,placed under mechanical stress

Question 5

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

Accepted Answer

A) the $\alpha$6 integrin subunit 
B) the $\beta$4 integrin subunit 
C) collagen VII 
D) laminin-5 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) the $\alpha$6 integrin subunit 
B) the $\beta$4 integrin subunit 
C) collagen VII 
D) laminin-5 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 6

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

Accepted Answer

A) They lose water. 
B) They extrude cytoplasm. 
C) They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments. 
D) Their membranes stiffen. 
E) They make focal assignations. 
A) They lose water. 
B) They extrude cytoplasm. 
C) They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments. 
D) Their membranes stiffen. 
E) They make focal assignations.

Question 7

Lymphocytes are isolated and labeled with radioactive isotopes.They are then exposed to frozen tissue sections of a lymphoid organ.What happens?

Accepted Answer

A) The lymphocytes bind uniformly to the sections. 
B) The lymphocytes bind to each other. 
C) The lymphocytes selectively adhere to the endothelial lining of venules in peripheral lymph nodes. 
D) The lymphocytes selectively adhere to the endothelial lining of arterioles in peripheral lymph nodes. 
E) The lymphocytes do not stick to the sections. 
A) The lymphocytes bind uniformly to the sections. 
B) The lymphocytes bind to each other. 
C) The lymphocytes selectively adhere to the endothelial lining of venules in peripheral lymph nodes. 
D) The lymphocytes selectively adhere to the endothelial lining of arterioles in peripheral lymph nodes. 
E) The lymphocytes do not stick to the sections.

Question 8

You are investigating the interactions of integrin $\alpha$ and $\beta$ subunits and isolate the extracellular portion of an integrin as a soluble $\alpha$/$\beta$ heterodimer.The heterodimer lacks the associated transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains normally present as part of the molecule.You experimentally link the $\alpha$and $\beta$ subunits at the bases of their legs so that the ligand-binding regions of the $\alpha$and $\beta$subunits approach one another.Which of the following statements is true about the molecules formed?

Accepted Answer

A) The molecules bind their ligand tightly. 
B) The molecules are unable to bind a ligand. 
C) The molecules are cleaved. 
D) The molecules denature their ligand. 
E) The molecules denature and degrade. 
A) The molecules bind their ligand tightly. 
B) The molecules are unable to bind a ligand. 
C) The molecules are cleaved. 
D) The molecules denature their ligand. 
E) The molecules denature and degrade.

Question 9

All collagen family members consist of _____ chains arranged in a _______.

Accepted Answer

A) 2,double helix 
B) 3,double helix 
C) 3,triple helix 
D) 3,triple lattice 
E) 2,triple helix 
A) 2,double helix 
B) 3,double helix 
C) 3,triple helix 
D) 3,triple lattice 
E) 2,triple helix

Question 10

Pemphigus vulgaris __________.

Accepted Answer

A) is characterized by a loss of epidermal cell-cell adhesion 
B) is an autoimmune disease 
C) is characterized by severe blistering of the skin 
D) is caused by the production of antibodies against one of the desmogleins 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) is characterized by a loss of epidermal cell-cell adhesion 
B) is an autoimmune disease 
C) is characterized by severe blistering of the skin 
D) is caused by the production of antibodies against one of the desmogleins 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 11

What determines the strength of adhesion between apposing cells held together by cadherins?

Accepted Answer

A) the length of the cadherins connecting the cells 
B) the width of the cadherins connecting the cells 
C) the amount of tryptophan in the cadherins connecting the cells 
D) the number of cadherins in a cluster connecting the cells 
E) the number of tyrosine residues in the cadherins connecting the cells 
A) the length of the cadherins connecting the cells 
B) the width of the cadherins connecting the cells 
C) the amount of tryptophan in the cadherins connecting the cells 
D) the number of cadherins in a cluster connecting the cells 
E) the number of tyrosine residues in the cadherins connecting the cells

Question 12

Which protein below is thought to be secreted into the extracellular matrix that surrounds the lining of mature blood vessels,where it inhibits angiogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) tenascin 
B) entactin 
C) thrombospondin 
D) actin 
E) laminin 
A) tenascin 
B) entactin 
C) thrombospondin 
D) actin 
E) laminin

Question 13

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) inside-out signaling 
B) outside-in signaling 
C) right-side-out signaling 
D) simple signaling 
E) integrination 
A) inside-out signaling 
B) outside-in signaling 
C) right-side-out signaling 
D) simple signaling 
E) integrination

Question 14

Which tissues below are not typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle 
B) skin,ectodermal tissues and nervous system 
C) skin 
D) ectodermal tissues 
E) nervous system 
A) muscle 
B) skin,ectodermal tissues and nervous system 
C) skin 
D) ectodermal tissues 
E) nervous system

Question 15

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane.The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) tight junction 
B) spot desmosome 
C) plasmodesma 
D) hemidesmosome 
E) gap junction 
A) tight junction 
B) spot desmosome 
C) plasmodesma 
D) hemidesmosome 
E) gap junction

Question 16

Epidermolysis bullosa,an inherited blistering disease,is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) production of antibodies against hemidesmosome plaque proteins 
B) production of autoantibodies 
C) production of antibodies against spot desmosome plaque proteins 
D) genetic alterations in any one of a number of hemidesmosomal proteins 
E) production of antibodies against connexins 
A) production of antibodies against hemidesmosome plaque proteins 
B) production of autoantibodies 
C) production of antibodies against spot desmosome plaque proteins 
D) genetic alterations in any one of a number of hemidesmosomal proteins 
E) production of antibodies against connexins

Question 17

When tight junctions,gap junctions and desmosomes are arranged in a specific array,the assortment of surface specializations is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) junctional array 
B) synaptonemal complex 
C) belt complex 
D) junctional complex 
E) spot complex 
A) junctional array 
B) synaptonemal complex 
C) belt complex 
D) junctional complex 
E) spot complex

Question 18

In the intercellular junctional complex,why is the tight junction closer to the surface of the epithelium (the apical end of the cell)than the belt desmosome?

Accepted Answer

As an example,consider the intestinal ep

Question 19

The degradation of the extracellular matrix,along with cell surface proteins,is accomplished mostly by a _____-containing enzyme family called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) copper,matrix metalloproteinases 
B) copper,MMPs 
C) zinc,matrix metalloproteinases 
D) magnesium,matrix metalloproteinases 
E) manganese,MMPs 
A) copper,matrix metalloproteinases 
B) copper,MMPs 
C) zinc,matrix metalloproteinases 
D) magnesium,matrix metalloproteinases 
E) manganese,MMPs

Question 20

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function,some of them mediate ________ cell-cell adhesion.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium-dependent 
B) calcium-independent 
C) magnesium-dependent 
D) manganese-dependent 
E) iron-independent 
A) calcium-dependent 
B) calcium-independent 
C) magnesium-dependent 
D) manganese-dependent 
E) iron-independent

What is thought to be the origin of immunoglobulins?

Evidence strongly suggests that the bent conformation of an integrin is _______ and unable to bind its ligand.

What would be the effect on primordial germ cells when an embryo is exposed to laminin-specific antibodies?

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _ when the interaction is ____.

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

Lymphocytes are isolated and labeled with radioactive isotopes.They are then exposed to frozen tissue sections of a lymphoid organ.What happens?

All collagen family members consist of _ chains arranged in a ___.

Pemphigus vulgaris __________.

What determines the strength of adhesion between apposing cells held together by cadherins?

Which protein below is thought to be secreted into the extracellular matrix that surrounds the lining of mature blood vessels,where it inhibits angiogenesis?

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

Which tissues below are not typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane.The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

Epidermolysis bullosa,an inherited blistering disease,is caused by ________.

When tight junctions,gap junctions and desmosomes are arranged in a specific array,the assortment of surface specializations is called a(n)__________.

In the intercellular junctional complex,why is the tight junction closer to the surface of the epithelium (the apical end of the cell)than the belt desmosome?

The degradation of the extracellular matrix,along with cell surface proteins,is accomplished mostly by a _-containing enzyme family called ___.

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function,some of them mediate ________ cell-cell adhesion.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 7: Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

What is thought to be the origin of immunoglobulins?

Evidence strongly suggests that the bent conformation of an integrin is _______ and unable to bind its ligand.

What would be the effect on primordial germ cells when an embryo is exposed to laminin-specific antibodies?

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _______ when the interaction is __________.

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

Lymphocytes are isolated and labeled with radioactive isotopes.They are then exposed to frozen tissue sections of a lymphoid organ.What happens?

All collagen family members consist of _____ chains arranged in a _______.

Pemphigus vulgaris __________.

What determines the strength of adhesion between apposing cells held together by cadherins?

Which protein below is thought to be secreted into the extracellular matrix that surrounds the lining of mature blood vessels,where it inhibits angiogenesis?

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

Which tissues below are not typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane.The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

Epidermolysis bullosa,an inherited blistering disease,is caused by ________.

When tight junctions,gap junctions and desmosomes are arranged in a specific array,the assortment of surface specializations is called a(n)__________.

In the intercellular junctional complex,why is the tight junction closer to the surface of the epithelium (the apical end of the cell)than the belt desmosome?

The degradation of the extracellular matrix,along with cell surface proteins,is accomplished mostly by a _____-containing enzyme family called _______.

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function,some of them mediate ________ cell-cell adhesion.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _ when the interaction is ____.

All collagen family members consist of _ chains arranged in a ___.

The degradation of the extracellular matrix,along with cell surface proteins,is accomplished mostly by a _-containing enzyme family called ___.