Exam 2: Theories of Development

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the _____ stage centers around breastfeeding and weaning.

_____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas _____ emphasizes learning by understanding how a person thinks.

In the United States, the legal age for drinking alcohol is 21 years. Thus, age 21 represents a(n) _____.

A systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change over time is called a "_____."

The modeling of behavior is more likely to occur when the model is all the following EXCEPT _____.

The approach taken by most developmentalists, in which they apply aspects of each of the various theories of development rather than adhering exclusively to one theory, is referred to as the _____ perspective.

The term norm communicates _____.

Although many of the theorists who follow Freud's psychoanalytic theory have modified and expanded his ideas, they agree on the importance of _____.

Information-processing theory focuses on the _____ of thought-that is, when, why, and how neurons fire between a response.

Psychoanalytic theory, behaviorism, and cognitive theory are considered "grand" because they are _____.

According to Freud, the _____ stage is the first stage of psychosexual development.

The boss praises his hourly employees for their good work. The boss hopes that the praise encourages the employees to continue to work hard. In this example, the reinforcement is _____.

Hannah theorized that sleep helps people behave in safer ways. She tested her theory by conducting an experiment. She manipulated the amount of sleep participants got and then tested their driving ability. Hannah learned that participants who got more sleep were safer drivers. In this example, Hannah's theory led her to _____.

With regard to cognitive development, Piaget argued that _____ is more revealing than _____.

Theories can produce hypotheses, generate discoveries, and offer practical _____.

Evolutionary theory is based on the idea that thoughts and expectations affect actions.

Behaviorism has also been referred to as "_____ theory."

Any consequence that follows a behavior and makes a person likely to repeat that behavior is called a(n) "_____.

Behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on _____.

Which of the following statements about norms is correct?