Exam 2: Theories of Development

Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.

_____ was a cognitive theorist.

_____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas _____ emphasizes learning by association, reinforcement, or observation with respect to development.

A balloon popped and made Bobby cry. It happened again when he was at a friend's birthday party. Now when Bobby sees a balloon, he starts to cry. According to the behaviorist perspective, Bobby cries in response to the balloon because of _____.

A _____ theory is a systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change over time.

Within Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, each of the developmental stages is characterized by a particular challenge, or a _____.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, _____ is when new experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas.

Approaches to toilet training have changed over time. At one point, it was suggested that parents toilet-train whenever they wished, using reinforcement as part of the training. This view is most consistent with _____.

_____ is the psychoanalytic theorist who described eight developmental stages, each characterized by a particular challenge or developmental crisis.

For centuries, men have needed women to be sexually faithful to ensure that her children are also his offspring. Which theory is most consistent with this explanation for faithfulness among romantic partners?

Vygotsky asserted that each person develops with the guidance of more skilled members of the society, who are tutors or mentors in a(n) _____ in thinking.

Social learning theory compares a human's thinking processes to a computer's analysis of data.

A person observes the actions of others and copies them. Social learning theorists would call this an example of "_____."

The process by which a response becomes linked to a particular stimulus is called "_____."

Define Vygotsky's "zone of proximal development," including how it relates to learning. Provide two examples.