Question 1

Psychoanalytic theory originated with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Freud 
C)  Watson 
D)  Erikson 
A)  Piaget 
B)  Freud 
C)  Watson 
D)  Erikson

Question 2

In _____ conditioning, a particular action is followed by something desired or by something unwanted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _____ conditioning, a particular action is...

Question 3

With respect to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the more difficult cognitive adaptation is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  sensorimotor behavior 
D)  equilibrium 
A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  sensorimotor behavior 
D)  equilibrium

Question 4

A _____ is an average or usual event or experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _____ is an average or usual...

Question 5

_____ is when genes for traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected over time to allow the species to thrive.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement 
B)  Conditioning 
C)  Selective adaptation 
D)  Cognitive equilibrium 
A)  Reinforcement 
B)  Conditioning 
C)  Selective adaptation 
D)  Cognitive equilibrium

Question 6

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, _____ is when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,...

Question 7

Within the information-processing perspective, which is the correct sequential order for producing cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain produces an output; input is picked up by the five senses; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories. 
B)  The brain reacts, connects, and stores memories; input is picked up by the five senses; the brain produces an output. 
C)  Input is picked up by the five senses; the brain produces an output; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories. 
D)  Input is picked up by the five senses; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories; the brain produces an output. 
A)  The brain produces an output; input is picked up by the five senses; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories. 
B)  The brain reacts, connects, and stores memories; input is picked up by the five senses; the brain produces an output. 
C)  Input is picked up by the five senses; the brain produces an output; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories. 
D)  Input is picked up by the five senses; the brain reacts, connects, and stores memories; the brain produces an output.

Question 8

Operant conditioning is also referred to as "_____ conditioning."

Accepted Answer

A)  classical 
B)  instrumental 
C)  observational 
D)  reinforcement 
A)  classical 
B)  instrumental 
C)  observational 
D)  reinforcement

Question 9

The basic idea of _____ theory in development is that in order to understand the emotions, impulses, and habits of humans over the life span, it is important to understand how those same emotions, impulses, and habits developed within Homo sapiens over the past 100,000 years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The basic idea of _____ theory in...

Question 10

_____ theories have reminded us that development is embedded in a rich and multifaceted cultural context that is evident in every social interaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Sociocultural 
D)  Evolutionary 
A)  Psychoanalytic 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Sociocultural 
D)  Evolutionary

Question 11

_____ is a perspective that compares a human's thinking processes, by analogy, to a computer's analysis of data.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social learning theory 
B)  Information-processing theory 
C)  Behaviorism 
D)  Psychoanalytic theory 
A)  Social learning theory 
B)  Information-processing theory 
C)  Behaviorism 
D)  Psychoanalytic theory

Question 12

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is inner drives, motives, and _____ needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is inner...

Question 13

The _____ measures electrical activity in the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  EEG 
B)  ERP 
C)  MRI 
D)  fMRI 
A)  EEG 
B)  ERP 
C)  MRI 
D)  fMRI

Question 14

In class, Sam learned that some theorists link happiness to productivity. From this, he developed the idea that happy employees in a factory will produce more products per hour. In this example, Sam's theory led him to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  produce a hypothesis 
B)  solve a developmental problem 
C)  generate a discovery 
D)  gain practical guidance 
A)  produce a hypothesis 
B)  solve a developmental problem 
C)  generate a discovery 
D)  gain practical guidance

Question 15

Theorists who promote classical conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____, whereas theorists who promote operant conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the association between one stimulus and another; past reinforcement 
B)  past reinforcement; the association between one stimulus and another 
C)  observing another person's actions; past reinforcement 
D)  the association between one stimulus and another; observing another person's actions 
A)  the association between one stimulus and another; past reinforcement 
B)  past reinforcement; the association between one stimulus and another 
C)  observing another person's actions; past reinforcement 
D)  the association between one stimulus and another; observing another person's actions

Question 16

According to the text, social learning is particularly noticeable in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  infancy 
B)  early adolescence 
C)  late adolescence 
D)  early adulthood 
A)  infancy 
B)  early adolescence 
C)  late adolescence 
D)  early adulthood

Question 17

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  observable behaviors 
B)  inner drives, motives, and unconscious needs 
C)  an individual's ideas and beliefs 
D)  self-awareness and willingness to change 
A)  observable behaviors 
B)  inner drives, motives, and unconscious needs 
C)  an individual's ideas and beliefs 
D)  self-awareness and willingness to change

Question 18

Piaget's stages of cognitive development include the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and _____ operational stages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piaget's stages of cognitive development include the...

Question 19

According to Piaget, humans seek cognitive _____, or a state of mental balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, humans seek cognitive _____,...

Question 20

Each theory, grand or newer, has received severe criticism. _____ theory has been criticized for being too subjective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each theory, grand or newer, has received...

Exam 2: Theories of Development

Psychoanalytic theory originated with _____.

In _____ conditioning, a particular action is followed by something desired or by something unwanted.

With respect to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the more difficult cognitive adaptation is _____.

A _____ is an average or usual event or experience.

_____ is when genes for traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected over time to allow the species to thrive.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, _____ is when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences.

Within the information-processing perspective, which is the correct sequential order for producing cognition?

Operant conditioning is also referred to as "_____ conditioning."

The basic idea of _____ theory in development is that in order to understand the emotions, impulses, and habits of humans over the life span, it is important to understand how those same emotions, impulses, and habits developed within Homo sapiens over the past 100,000 years.

_____ theories have reminded us that development is embedded in a rich and multifaceted cultural context that is evident in every social interaction.

_____ is a perspective that compares a human's thinking processes, by analogy, to a computer's analysis of data.

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is inner drives, motives, and _____ needs.

The _____ measures electrical activity in the cortex.

In class, Sam learned that some theorists link happiness to productivity. From this, he developed the idea that happy employees in a factory will produce more products per hour. In this example, Sam's theory led him to _____.

Theorists who promote classical conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____, whereas theorists who promote operant conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____.

According to the text, social learning is particularly noticeable in _____.

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is _____.

Piaget's stages of cognitive development include the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and _____ operational stages.

According to Piaget, humans seek cognitive _____, or a state of mental balance.

Each theory, grand or newer, has received severe criticism. _____ theory has been criticized for being too subjective.

The Science of Human Development

Heredity and Environment

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Two Years: Biosocial Development

The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

Early Childhood: Biosocial Development

Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development

Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development

Adolescence: Biosocial Development

Adolescence: Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Psychosocial Development

Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development

Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Adulthood: Cognitive Development

Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Late Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Late Adulthood: Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Epilogue Death and Dying

Filters

Theorists who promote classical conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _, whereas theorists who promote operant conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _.