Question 1

The brain's ability to change function and structure is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic transmission. 
B)  neurogenesis. 
C)  neuroplasticity. 
D)  cortical localization. 
A)  synaptic transmission. 
B)  neurogenesis. 
C)  neuroplasticity. 
D)  cortical localization.

Question 2

The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal medulla 
B)  adrenal cortex 
C)  amygdala 
D)  hypothalamus 
A)  adrenal medulla 
B)  adrenal cortex 
C)  amygdala 
D)  hypothalamus

Question 3

Although the basic premise of phrenology was disproved, phrenology helped trigger scientific interest in the idea of cortical localization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine plays a key role in sleep, moods, and emotional states, including the symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As you are listening to a lecture, workers are repairing a wall just outside your classroom. Throughout the class, you find yourself coughing and sneezing because of the dust and fumes in the air. Which brain structure controls such vital reflexes as sneezing, coughing, and swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the corpus callosum 
B)  the cerebellum 
C)  the medulla 
D)  the thalamus 
A)  the corpus callosum 
B)  the cerebellum 
C)  the medulla 
D)  the thalamus

Question 6

The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  myelin sheath. 
B)  synaptic gap. 
C)  the node of Ranvier. 
D)  ion channel. 
A)  myelin sheath. 
B)  synaptic gap. 
C)  the node of Ranvier. 
D)  ion channel.

Question 7

The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic nervous system. 
B)  central nervous system. 
C)  peripheral nervous system. 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system. 
A)  sympathetic nervous system. 
B)  central nervous system. 
C)  peripheral nervous system. 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 8

According to the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?":

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroscientists have found no structural differences between male and female brains. 
B)  physiological gender differences are innate, biological, permanent, and hard-wired in the brain. 
C)  not all structural differences found in male and female brains lead to differences in measurable behavior or abilities. 
D)  research findings on differences in male and female brains conclusively support the belief that men and women think and reason differently. 
A)  neuroscientists have found no structural differences between male and female brains. 
B)  physiological gender differences are innate, biological, permanent, and hard-wired in the brain. 
C)  not all structural differences found in male and female brains lead to differences in measurable behavior or abilities. 
D)  research findings on differences in male and female brains conclusively support the belief that men and women think and reason differently.

Question 9

The most common, and mildest, type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a concussion. 
B)  chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CT
E) . 
C)  Broca's aphasia. 
D)  Wernicke's aphasia. 
A)  a concussion. 
B)  chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CT
E) . 
C)  Broca's aphasia. 
D)  Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 10

Structural plasticity:

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas. 
B)  occurs when neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap are blocked from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  refers to a phenomenon in which brain structures change in response to learning, active practice, or environmental influences. 
D)  refers to the brain's ability to develop new neurons. 
A)  refers to the brain's ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas. 
B)  occurs when neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap are blocked from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  refers to a phenomenon in which brain structures change in response to learning, active practice, or environmental influences. 
D)  refers to the brain's ability to develop new neurons.

Question 11

In the central nervous system, communication occurs along nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is part of the limbic system and is involved in emotional responses and memories with a strong emotional component?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amygdala 
B)  the thalamus 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the medulla 
A)  the amygdala 
B)  the thalamus 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the medulla

Question 13

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The implication of Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis, discussed in the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature in Chapter 2, is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  experience has little or no effect on brain functions or structures. 
B)  exercising regularly retards the release of endorphins in the brain. 
C)  neurogenesis is directly correlated with addiction to exercise. 
D)  exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the human brain just as it does in other mammals. 
A)  experience has little or no effect on brain functions or structures. 
B)  exercising regularly retards the release of endorphins in the brain. 
C)  neurogenesis is directly correlated with addiction to exercise. 
D)  exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the human brain just as it does in other mammals.

Question 15

The _____ is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, and the _____ is involved in regulating blood sugar and insulin levels and hunger.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland; pituitary gland 
B)  pineal gland; pancreas 
C)  adrenal gland; pineal gland 
D)  pancreas; thyroid gland 
A)  thyroid gland; pituitary gland 
B)  pineal gland; pancreas 
C)  adrenal gland; pineal gland 
D)  pancreas; thyroid gland

Question 16

The psycograph machine provides detailed images of the brain's structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The occipital lobe is to _____ as the temporal lobe is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vision; somatosensory processing 
B)  audition; vision 
C)  somatosensory processing; audition 
D)  vision; audition 
A)  vision; somatosensory processing 
B)  audition; vision 
C)  somatosensory processing; audition 
D)  vision; audition

Question 18

Which of the following results has NOT been reported in rats that were raised in an enriched environment as compared to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased number of synapses and synaptic connections 
B)  thicker myelin sheaths and an increased number of axons 
C)  increased length of dendrites and more dendritic branches 
D)  increase in the number of glial cells 
A)  increased number of synapses and synaptic connections 
B)  thicker myelin sheaths and an increased number of axons 
C)  increased length of dendrites and more dendritic branches 
D)  increase in the number of glial cells

Question 19

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that blocks a receptor site and inhibits or prevents a response in the receiving cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome project aims to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sequence the human genome. 
B)  determine how each human is genetically related. 
C)  connect human research to animal research. 
D)  form a three-dimensional map of the brain's information highways. 
A)  sequence the human genome. 
B)  determine how each human is genetically related. 
C)  connect human research to animal research. 
D)  form a three-dimensional map of the brain's information highways.

The brain's ability to change function and structure is referred to as:

The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Although the basic premise of phrenology was disproved, phrenology helped trigger scientific interest in the idea of cortical localization.

The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine plays a key role in sleep, moods, and emotional states, including the symptoms of major depressive disorder.

As you are listening to a lecture, workers are repairing a wall just outside your classroom. Throughout the class, you find yourself coughing and sneezing because of the dust and fumes in the air. Which brain structure controls such vital reflexes as sneezing, coughing, and swallowing?

The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the:

The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the:

According to the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?":

The most common, and mildest, type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is:

Structural plasticity:

In the central nervous system, communication occurs along nerves.

Which of the following is part of the limbic system and is involved in emotional responses and memories with a strong emotional component?

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

The implication of Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis, discussed in the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature in Chapter 2, is that:

The _ is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, and the _ is involved in regulating blood sugar and insulin levels and hunger.

The psycograph machine provides detailed images of the brain's structures.

The occipital lobe is to _ as the temporal lobe is to _.

Which of the following results has NOT been reported in rats that were raised in an enriched environment as compared to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that blocks a receptor site and inhibits or prevents a response in the receiving cell.

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome project aims to:

Introduction and Research Methods

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

The brain's ability to change function and structure is referred to as:

The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Although the basic premise of phrenology was disproved, phrenology helped trigger scientific interest in the idea of cortical localization.

The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine plays a key role in sleep, moods, and emotional states, including the symptoms of major depressive disorder.

As you are listening to a lecture, workers are repairing a wall just outside your classroom. Throughout the class, you find yourself coughing and sneezing because of the dust and fumes in the air. Which brain structure controls such vital reflexes as sneezing, coughing, and swallowing?

The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the:

The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the:

According to the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?":

The most common, and mildest, type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is:

Structural plasticity:

In the central nervous system, communication occurs along nerves.

Which of the following is part of the limbic system and is involved in emotional responses and memories with a strong emotional component?

The myelin sheath covering an axon insulates that axon from other axons and increases its communication speed.

The implication of Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis, discussed in the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature in Chapter 2, is that:

The _____ is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, and the _____ is involved in regulating blood sugar and insulin levels and hunger.

The psycograph machine provides detailed images of the brain's structures.

The occipital lobe is to _____ as the temporal lobe is to _____.

Which of the following results has NOT been reported in rats that were raised in an enriched environment as compared to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

An agonist is a drug or other chemical that blocks a receptor site and inhibits or prevents a response in the receiving cell.

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome project aims to:

Introduction and Research Methods

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

The _ is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, and the _ is involved in regulating blood sugar and insulin levels and hunger.

The occipital lobe is to _ as the temporal lobe is to _.