Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development and growth of new neurons in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals such as primates, birds, and rodents do not undergo neurogenesis. 
B)  Glial cells of human brains continue to reproduce and grow in number through adulthood, but neurons do not. 
C)  The human brain has the capacity to generate new neurons throughout the lifespan. 
D)  There is no evidence that the human brain continues to develop new neurons after birth. 
A)  Animals such as primates, birds, and rodents do not undergo neurogenesis. 
B)  Glial cells of human brains continue to reproduce and grow in number through adulthood, but neurons do not. 
C)  The human brain has the capacity to generate new neurons throughout the lifespan. 
D)  There is no evidence that the human brain continues to develop new neurons after birth.

Question 2

The cerebellum plays a critical role in the control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

At 70 years old, Alice decided to take up juggling. According to research described in a Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 2, what kind of brain changes might result from Alice's new hobby?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased complexity in the corpus callosum 
B)  gray matter increases in brain regions involved in perceiving and anticipating complex visual motions 
C)  damage to the cerebellum 
D)  No changes would result; plasticity has not been demonstrated in the aging brain. 
A)  increased complexity in the corpus callosum 
B)  gray matter increases in brain regions involved in perceiving and anticipating complex visual motions 
C)  damage to the cerebellum 
D)  No changes would result; plasticity has not been demonstrated in the aging brain.

Question 4

The involvement of the brain's opioid system in runner's high suggests one possible explanation for why:

Accepted Answer

A)  endurance athletes enter a meditative state during long training sessions. 
B)  sedentary people find it so difficult to begin an exercise routine. 
C)  some people can become addicted to excessive exercise. 
D)  athletes perform better when cheered on by a crowd. 
A)  endurance athletes enter a meditative state during long training sessions. 
B)  sedentary people find it so difficult to begin an exercise routine. 
C)  some people can become addicted to excessive exercise. 
D)  athletes perform better when cheered on by a crowd.

Question 5

Franz Gall was the founder of phrenology, which was a popular pseudoscience in the 1800s.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The amygdala is involved in a variety of emotional responses, including fear, anger, and disgust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Speech and language are examples of the principle of lateralization of function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During a test, your instructor announces that there's a typographical error on one of the questions. As you listen, you process the auditory information in your:

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobe. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  temporal lobe. 
D)  parietal lobe. 
A)  occipital lobe. 
B)  frontal lobe. 
C)  temporal lobe. 
D)  parietal lobe.

Question 9

What does it mean to say that a neuron is polarized?

Accepted Answer

When we say that a neuron is polarized,

Question 10

The three types of neurons are:

Accepted Answer

A)  excitatory, inhibitory, and myelinated. 
B)  sensory, motor, and interneurons. 
C)  interneurons, glial cells, and motor cells. 
D)  glial cells, myelinated cells, and unmyelinated cells. 
A)  excitatory, inhibitory, and myelinated. 
B)  sensory, motor, and interneurons. 
C)  interneurons, glial cells, and motor cells. 
D)  glial cells, myelinated cells, and unmyelinated cells.

Question 11

Approximately 75 percent of left-handed people process language in their right hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Almost all of the sensory and motor information going to and from the cerebral cortex is processed through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  pituitary gland. 
A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  pituitary gland.

Question 13

This drawing depicts the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. Which letter points to the area where visual information is processed?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary motor cortex 
B)  somatosensory cortex 
C)  primary visual cortex 
D)  primary auditory cortex 
A)  primary motor cortex 
B)  somatosensory cortex 
C)  primary visual cortex 
D)  primary auditory cortex

Question 14

Along with neurons, the human nervous system is made up of _____ cells, which outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.

Accepted Answer

A)  glial 
B)  Ranvier 
C)  dendritic 
D)  polarized 
A)  glial 
B)  Ranvier 
C)  dendritic 
D)  polarized

Question 15

Although people with Wernicke's aphasia can speak easily, they often have trouble understanding written or spoken communication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Researchers have found that the female hippocampus tends to be larger than the male hippocampus. Based on evidence presented in the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?" you would be justified in asserting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females are much better at memory and learning tasks than males. 
B)  Because their hippocampus is smaller than those found in females, males tend to draw on more brain regions within both hemispheres when solving complex arithmetic problems and spatial tasks. 
C)  Tests on memory tasks reveal no differences between males and females. 
D)  Because of the differences in the size of the hippocampus, females will be much more emotional than men. 
A)  Females are much better at memory and learning tasks than males. 
B)  Because their hippocampus is smaller than those found in females, males tend to draw on more brain regions within both hemispheres when solving complex arithmetic problems and spatial tasks. 
C)  Tests on memory tasks reveal no differences between males and females. 
D)  Because of the differences in the size of the hippocampus, females will be much more emotional than men.

Question 17

Neurons outnumber glial cells by about 10 to 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The three basic types of neurons are:

Accepted Answer

A)  glial cells, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin. 
B)  dendritic neurons, axonal neurons, and body neurons. 
C)  excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and interneurons. 
D)  sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. 
A)  glial cells, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin. 
B)  dendritic neurons, axonal neurons, and body neurons. 
C)  excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and interneurons. 
D)  sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

Question 20

In the endocrine system, chemical messengers called _____, which circulate through the _____, communicate information from one part of the body to another.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones; bloodstream 
B)  neurotransmitters; spinal cord 
C)  hormones; cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  endorphins; nervous system 
A)  hormones; bloodstream 
B)  neurotransmitters; spinal cord 
C)  hormones; cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  endorphins; nervous system

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development and growth of new neurons in the human brain?

The cerebellum plays a critical role in the control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing.

At 70 years old, Alice decided to take up juggling. According to research described in a Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 2, what kind of brain changes might result from Alice's new hobby?

The involvement of the brain's opioid system in runner's high suggests one possible explanation for why:

Franz Gall was the founder of phrenology, which was a popular pseudoscience in the 1800s.

The amygdala is involved in a variety of emotional responses, including fear, anger, and disgust.

Speech and language are examples of the principle of lateralization of function.

During a test, your instructor announces that there's a typographical error on one of the questions. As you listen, you process the auditory information in your:

What does it mean to say that a neuron is polarized?

The three types of neurons are:

Approximately 75 percent of left-handed people process language in their right hemisphere.

Almost all of the sensory and motor information going to and from the cerebral cortex is processed through the:

This drawing depicts the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. Which letter points to the area where visual information is processed?

Along with neurons, the human nervous system is made up of _____ cells, which outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.

Although people with Wernicke's aphasia can speak easily, they often have trouble understanding written or spoken communication.

Researchers have found that the female hippocampus tends to be larger than the male hippocampus. Based on evidence presented in the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?" you would be justified in asserting which of the following?

Neurons outnumber glial cells by about 10 to 1.

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain.

The three basic types of neurons are:

In the endocrine system, chemical messengers called _, which circulate through the _, communicate information from one part of the body to another.

Introduction and Research Methods

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development and growth of new neurons in the human brain?

The cerebellum plays a critical role in the control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing.

At 70 years old, Alice decided to take up juggling. According to research described in a Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 2, what kind of brain changes might result from Alice's new hobby?

The involvement of the brain's opioid system in runner's high suggests one possible explanation for why:

Franz Gall was the founder of phrenology, which was a popular pseudoscience in the 1800s.

The amygdala is involved in a variety of emotional responses, including fear, anger, and disgust.

Speech and language are examples of the principle of lateralization of function.

During a test, your instructor announces that there's a typographical error on one of the questions. As you listen, you process the auditory information in your:

What does it mean to say that a neuron is polarized?

The three types of neurons are:

Approximately 75 percent of left-handed people process language in their right hemisphere.

Almost all of the sensory and motor information going to and from the cerebral cortex is processed through the:

This drawing depicts the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. Which letter points to the area where visual information is processed?

Along with neurons, the human nervous system is made up of _____ cells, which outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1.

Although people with Wernicke's aphasia can speak easily, they often have trouble understanding written or spoken communication.

Researchers have found that the female hippocampus tends to be larger than the male hippocampus. Based on evidence presented in the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?" you would be justified in asserting which of the following?

Neurons outnumber glial cells by about 10 to 1.

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain.

The three basic types of neurons are:

In the endocrine system, chemical messengers called _____, which circulate through the _____, communicate information from one part of the body to another.

Introduction and Research Methods

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

In the endocrine system, chemical messengers called _, which circulate through the _, communicate information from one part of the body to another.