Exam 7: Evolution and Adaptation

Which of the following insights about microevolution is demonstrated by industrial melanism?

The rate at which allele frequencies change because of genetic drift is

How might understanding microevolution have a direct benefit to humans in the fight against diseases?

What is the term for evolution that acts at the level of species, genera, and higher levels of organization?

The shuffling of genes that occurs when DNA is copied during meiosis is known as

The evolution of pesticide resistance in insects is an example of

What term describes making new combinations of alleles using existing genetic variation across many chromosomes?

Chickens with the dominant allele at the frizzle gene produce curly feathers, have very high body temperature, and lay few eggs. This is an example of

What term refers to the alleles of all of the genes of every individual in a population?

Stickleback fish exhibit variation in a morphological trait known as gill rakers. Fish with long gill rakers are very good at eating plankton, and fish with short gill rakers are good at eating deep-water invertebrates. However, fish with intermediate-length gill rakers are poor at eating either type of food. Fish that are better at consuming food have higher survival and reproduction rates than poorer consumers. Based on this information, what type of selection is likely acting on stickleback gill raker length?

Clonal animals do not reshuffle their genes through genetic recombination, whereas sexually reproducing animals do. Explain how this difference could affect how pathogens interact with clonal animals and how they interact with sexually reproducing animals.

Consider three populations of a plant species, each isolated from other populations of the same species. Population X has contained approximately 100 individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. Population Y has contained approximately 10 000 individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. Population Z has contained approximately 1 million individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. If genetic drift is the only evolutionary process acting on these populations, how can we expect the amount of genetic variation to differ among these populations?

The drastic phenotypic differences between large dogs, such as Bloodhounds, and small dogs, such as Chihuahuas, are a result of

The human activity of controlling the survival and reproduction of organisms to produce offspring with specific sets of traits is known as

Artificial selection can cause evolutionary change when there is

Consider three populations of a plant species, each of which is isolated from other populations of the same species. Population X has had approximately 100 individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. Population Y has had approximately 10 000 individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. Population Z has had approximately 1 million individuals in each generation for the past 200 generations. If the environment changed and a new environmental condition exerted the exact same strength of directional selection on all three populations, which population would we expect to evolve most rapidly?

Which of the following three statements is (are) correct? I. Speciation through polyploidy can occur through hybridization. II. Speciation through polyploidy never occurs in vertebrates; it occurs only in plants. III. Speciation through polyploidy generates phenotypic differences among the resulting species.

. Topic: analyzing ecology: strength of selection, heritability, and response to selection Level: medium

Which of the following statements about evolution by artificial selection is correct?

Consider a gene that affects fur colour in mice. This gene has two alleles, A and A. If AA mice have white fur, Aa mice have grey fur, and aa mice have black fur, how would we describe the effect of these alleles?