Exam 4: Adaptations to Variable Environments

Which of the following types of environmental variation can change over time? I. weather II. climate III. spatial variation

Which of the following is an example of weather?

The average annual rainfall measured in a desert over 10 years is which type of variation?

An active hummingbird maintains its resting body temperature at approximately 40°C, while a torpid hummingbird maintains its resting body temperature at approximately 20°C. Explain how torpor allows hummingbirds to survive cold periods with little available food.

Explain the differences and similarities between storage and dormancy as adaptive strategies, and provide an example.

Use the table to answer questions 49 and 50. An ecologist is studying the relationship between a beetle species and a flower species. She examines six plants and counts the number of beetles and the number of flowers on each plant. -What can we conclude from the data?

Use the following graphs and information to answer questions 13, 14, and 15. This figure shows the tail shape developed by three tadpole genotypes (M, N, and O), when raised in an environment with predators and an environment without predators. In the presence of predators, tadpoles with large tails have high fitness and tadpoles with small tails have low fitness. When predators are not present, tadpoles with large tails have low fitness and tadpoles with small tails have high fitness. -Which genotype(s) would have the highest average fitness across both environments?

Which statement about predator and prey phenotypic plasticity is accurate? I. Prey can change morphology to avoid predators. II. Predators can change morphology to capture prey. III. Both predators and prey exhibit phenotypic trade-offs.

-An animal that consumes a varied diet because a single food does not contain all necessary nutrients is an example of

Many Arctic animals accumulate fat as an energy reserve that allows them to survive winter when food is difficult to obtain. This strategy is an example of

Use the table to answer questions 49 and 50. An ecologist is studying the relationship between a beetle species and a flower species. She examines six plants and counts the number of beetles and the number of flowers on each plant. -Which of the following terms best describes the data?

-Based on the central-place foraging theory and the nearby figure, identify the optimal number of prey for a forager to catch. In the figure the orange line indicates the optimal rate of prey capture.

What is an example of how jewelweed plants exhibit adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to competition from other plants?

In response to a specific type of environmental variation, the Burmese python can drastically increase the size of its heart and length of its intestines in less than 2 days. What environmental variation causes this drastic change?

A specific location within the area where an animal lives and typically contains more favourable abiotic conditions than other locations in the area is a

Describe how a moving animal experiences spatial variation as environmental change over time, and provide an example.

During the course of two generations, monarch butterflies move from southern Canada to Mexico, spend the winter in Mexico, and then return to Southern Canada. This is an example of

Describe two ways in which a desert lizard can survive high summer temperatures.

Tigriopus copepods living in ocean tide pools are subject to frequent changes in salt concentrations. In response to these drastic changes in salinity, Tigriopus copepods change the amount of amino acids in their bodies, which allows the osmotic potential of their body fluids to match that of the tide pool. This is an example of