Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of conflict between related individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict over parental investment, such as the amount of resources each parent must provide for their offspring 
B)  siblings competing over resources, which can lead to siblicide in extreme cases 
C)  conflict over which offspring to nurture in times of resource scarcity 
D)  males competing for access to mates 
A)  conflict over parental investment, such as the amount of resources each parent must provide for their offspring 
B)  siblings competing over resources, which can lead to siblicide in extreme cases 
C)  conflict over which offspring to nurture in times of resource scarcity 
D)  males competing for access to mates D

Question 2

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a

Accepted Answer

A)  strategy that, if adopted by all members of the population, cannot be invaded by a mutant strategy. 
B)  strategy that, if adopted by part of a population, cannot be invaded by a mutant strategy. 
C)  mutant strategy that cannot invade a population. 
D)  strategy that, if adopted by all members of the population, can be invaded by a mutant strategy. 
A)  strategy that, if adopted by all members of the population, cannot be invaded by a mutant strategy. 
B)  strategy that, if adopted by part of a population, cannot be invaded by a mutant strategy. 
C)  mutant strategy that cannot invade a population. 
D)  strategy that, if adopted by all members of the population, can be invaded by a mutant strategy. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements illustrates the free-rider problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  By reliably reciprocating a cooperative behavior, all individuals in the population increase their fitness. 
B)  Some daughters forego having offspring of their own as they help their mothers with brood care. 
C)  An individual spends only half an hour grooming others for each hour of grooming it has received. 
D)  Some individuals forgo reproduction to avoid overpopulation of a species' habitat. 
A)  By reliably reciprocating a cooperative behavior, all individuals in the population increase their fitness. 
B)  Some daughters forego having offspring of their own as they help their mothers with brood care. 
C)  An individual spends only half an hour grooming others for each hour of grooming it has received. 
D)  Some individuals forgo reproduction to avoid overpopulation of a species' habitat. C

Question 4

Why does conflict arise between different alleles at the same locus even though they are part of a single individual's genome?

Accepted Answer

An allele copy can increase it

Question 5

Name the three familial conflicts.

Accepted Answer

The conflicts are se

Question 6

How did John Krebs and Richard Dawkins (1978) illustrate the "mind reading versus manipulation" view of communication with the example of a dog baring its teeth?

Accepted Answer

If a dog is to bite a rival without seve

Question 7

What gametes will survive after meiosis of the following chromosome pair? Sd F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 active segregation distorter allele, Sd F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 inactive segregation distorter allele, Rsps F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 response sensitive responder gene allele, Rspi F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 response insensitive responder genes allele

Accepted Answer

Only Sd F1

Question 8

Which of the following serves as one explanation for how honest signaling evolves and is maintained in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection 
B)  trait-group selection 
C)  information sharing 
D)  costly signaling theory 
A)  kin selection 
B)  trait-group selection 
C)  information sharing 
D)  costly signaling theory

Question 9

Compared to most physical resources, how is information unique?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no cost associated with sharing information. 
B)  The production and sharing of information does not require energy. 
C)  Because information is not a tangible physical entity, it does not affect an individual's fitness. 
D)  Information does not become depleted by sharing. 
A)  There is no cost associated with sharing information. 
B)  The production and sharing of information does not require energy. 
C)  Because information is not a tangible physical entity, it does not affect an individual's fitness. 
D)  Information does not become depleted by sharing.

Question 10

Which of the following equations illustrates the correct relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indirect fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Inclusive fitness 
B)  Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Indirect fitness 
C)  Indirect fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness 
D)  Direct fitness - Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness 
A)  Indirect fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Inclusive fitness 
B)  Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Indirect fitness 
C)  Indirect fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness 
D)  Direct fitness - Inclusive fitness F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Direct fitness

Question 11

The model below predicts that the begging level of full (satiated) offspring (F) should essentially be zero, whereas hungry (H) and starving (S) offspring show intermediate and high levels of begging, respectively. Under what circumstances would we expect full (satiated) offspring to start begging?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the fitness costs of begging are higher than the benefits 
B)  when the fitness costs of begging are lower than the benefits 
C)  only when the fitness costs of begging increase in a nonlinear fashion with begging intensity 
D)  Under no circumstances would this occur; the full (F) individuals are by definition at begging intensity zero. 
A)  when the fitness costs of begging are higher than the benefits 
B)  when the fitness costs of begging are lower than the benefits 
C)  only when the fitness costs of begging increase in a nonlinear fashion with begging intensity 
D)  Under no circumstances would this occur; the full (F) individuals are by definition at begging intensity zero.

Question 12

What is the coefficient of relatedness between a haplodiploid female worker bee and a male drone in the same hive, if they do not have the same mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 
B)  0.50 
C)  0.25 
D)  potentially, zero 
A)  1.00 
B)  0.50 
C)  0.25 
D)  potentially, zero

Question 13

What is the coefficient of relatedness for individuals A and B in the following pedigree?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.50 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.125 
D)  0.0625 
A)  0.50 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.125 
D)  0.0625

Question 14

You want to study whether reciprocity explains the evolution of mobbing behavior in birds. You have two sources of birds from which to choose: (A) a group of birds from your lab that all originated from the same mating pair, and (B) a group of presumably unrelated birds from the wild. Which choice would you prefer? Briefly justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

Group B. Since you are testing

Question 15

Suppose that an allele is present in blue-footed booby offspring that causes a nestling to share its food with its nestmate if it is not particularly hungry during times of adequate food availability. This gene imposes a fitness cost of 0.3 on those who carry it, while conferring a benefit of 0.4 on the sibling who receives the additional food. Will this gene increase in frequency if the two nestmates are always half siblings (with the same mother but different fathers)?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c 0. C) No, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c > 0. D) No, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c < 0. A) Yes, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c 0. C) No, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c > 0. D) No, because rb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 c < 0.

Question 16

Is haplodiploidy a necessary condition for the evolution of eusociality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; true eusociality is found only in the hymenoptera, all of which are haplodiploid. 
B)  Yes; eusociality can only evolve when indirect fitness is as high as occurs between haplodiploid sisters. 
C)  No; eusociality is also found in organisms that do not have a haplodiploid genetic system, such as naked mole rats. 
D)  No; eusociality has evolved in every major animal lineage. 
A)  Yes; true eusociality is found only in the hymenoptera, all of which are haplodiploid. 
B)  Yes; eusociality can only evolve when indirect fitness is as high as occurs between haplodiploid sisters. 
C)  No; eusociality is also found in organisms that do not have a haplodiploid genetic system, such as naked mole rats. 
D)  No; eusociality has evolved in every major animal lineage.

Question 17

In an analysis of independent contrast, researchers found that fetuses in polyandrous species of primates had faster growth rates than those in monogamous species. What did the researchers conclude from these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetuses develop faster to "make room" for offspring from a different male. 
B)  Extracting more resources from the mother maximizes offspring's inclusive fitness in polyandrous species. 
C)  Fast fetal growth rates are always optimal. 
D)  Fetal growth rates represent phylogenetic constraints and are unrelated to mating systems. 
A)  Fetuses develop faster to "make room" for offspring from a different male. 
B)  Extracting more resources from the mother maximizes offspring's inclusive fitness in polyandrous species. 
C)  Fast fetal growth rates are always optimal. 
D)  Fetal growth rates represent phylogenetic constraints and are unrelated to mating systems.

Question 18

In which of the following scenarios would reciprocal altruism be LEAST likely to evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  in long-lived, intelligent species that live in small groups with high mutual dependence 
B)  when there are repeated interactions with the same individuals within a group 
C)  when opportunities for altruism and reciprocation are rare 
D)  when failure to reciprocate is punished 
A)  in long-lived, intelligent species that live in small groups with high mutual dependence 
B)  when there are repeated interactions with the same individuals within a group 
C)  when opportunities for altruism and reciprocation are rare 
D)  when failure to reciprocate is punished

Question 19

Assume that the cost of fighting is four times greater than the benefit gained from the resource that is being fought over. What is the probability with which an individual should play dove in the mixed Nash equilibrium of the hawk-dove game?

Accepted Answer

p of playing hawk F1F1F1S1F1F

Question 20

Describe how DNA methylation of gametes can create parent-of-origin effects.

Accepted Answer

One well-studied form of epigenetic mark

Which of the following is NOT an example of conflict between related individuals?

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a

Which of the following statements illustrates the free-rider problem?

Why does conflict arise between different alleles at the same locus even though they are part of a single individual's genome?

Name the three familial conflicts.

How did John Krebs and Richard Dawkins (1978) illustrate the "mind reading versus manipulation" view of communication with the example of a dog baring its teeth?

What gametes will survive after meiosis of the following chromosome pair? Sd  active segregation distorter allele, Sd ^ inactive segregation distorter allele, Rsp^s response sensitive responder gene allele, Rspⁱ response insensitive responder genes allele

Which of the following serves as one explanation for how honest signaling evolves and is maintained in a population?

Compared to most physical resources, how is information unique?

Which of the following equations illustrates the correct relationship?

The model below predicts that the begging level of full (satiated) offspring (F) should essentially be zero, whereas hungry (H) and starving (S) offspring show intermediate and high levels of begging, respectively. Under what circumstances would we expect full (satiated) offspring to start begging?

What is the coefficient of relatedness between a haplodiploid female worker bee and a male drone in the same hive, if they do not have the same mother?

What is the coefficient of relatedness for individuals A and B in the following pedigree?

Is haplodiploidy a necessary condition for the evolution of eusociality?

In an analysis of independent contrast, researchers found that fetuses in polyandrous species of primates had faster growth rates than those in monogamous species. What did the researchers conclude from these results?

In which of the following scenarios would reciprocal altruism be LEAST likely to evolve?

Assume that the cost of fighting is four times greater than the benefit gained from the resource that is being fought over. What is the probability with which an individual should play dove in the mixed Nash equilibrium of the hawk-dove game?

Describe how DNA methylation of gametes can create parent-of-origin effects.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin S Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Coevolution

Human Evolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters

Exam 17: The Evolution of Sociality

Which of the following is NOT an example of conflict between related individuals?

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a

Which of the following statements illustrates the free-rider problem?

Why does conflict arise between different alleles at the same locus even though they are part of a single individual's genome?

Name the three familial conflicts.

How did John Krebs and Richard Dawkins (1978) illustrate the "mind reading versus manipulation" view of communication with the example of a dog baring its teeth?

What gametes will survive after meiosis of the following chromosome pair? Sd  active segregation distorter allele, Sd   inactive segregation distorter allele, Rsps  response sensitive responder gene allele, Rspi  response insensitive responder genes allele

Which of the following serves as one explanation for how honest signaling evolves and is maintained in a population?

Compared to most physical resources, how is information unique?

Which of the following equations illustrates the correct relationship?

The model below predicts that the begging level of full (satiated) offspring (F) should essentially be zero, whereas hungry (H) and starving (S) offspring show intermediate and high levels of begging, respectively. Under what circumstances would we expect full (satiated) offspring to start begging?

What is the coefficient of relatedness between a haplodiploid female worker bee and a male drone in the same hive, if they do not have the same mother?

What is the coefficient of relatedness for individuals A and B in the following pedigree?

Is haplodiploidy a necessary condition for the evolution of eusociality?

In an analysis of independent contrast, researchers found that fetuses in polyandrous species of primates had faster growth rates than those in monogamous species. What did the researchers conclude from these results?

In which of the following scenarios would reciprocal altruism be LEAST likely to evolve?

Assume that the cost of fighting is four times greater than the benefit gained from the resource that is being fought over. What is the probability with which an individual should play dove in the mixed Nash equilibrium of the hawk-dove game?

Describe how DNA methylation of gametes can create parent-of-origin effects.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin S Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Coevolution

Human Evolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters

What gametes will survive after meiosis of the following chromosome pair? Sd  active segregation distorter allele, Sd ^ inactive segregation distorter allele, Rsp^s response sensitive responder gene allele, Rspⁱ response insensitive responder genes allele