Exam 14: Species and Speciation

In which model of allopatric speciation is genetic drift a larger factor, and why?

The figure on the left illustrates species boundaries as assigned by the application of the biological species concept, while the figure on the right illustrates species boundaries as the result of the ecological species concept. What is the difference in how these boundaries are delineated when applying these concepts?

Biologists surveying the bacterial flora of Yellowstone National Park, particularly populations located in the park's famous hot springs, have collected data on habitat characteristics, sequenced the DNA of bacteria from each population, and studied the physical characteristics of the cells. They have also compared what they know about these bacteria to other species already collected and identified from the park. Given this information, which species concept would the researchers be UNABLE to apply?

Allopatric speciation requires

Which choice is considered to be a fundamental problem with application of the phenetic species concept?

In the phylogeny depicted in the figure, the P species are from the Pacific side and the C species are from the Caribbean side of the Isthmus of Panama. Which of the following is the most likely cause of speciation?

What does the figure illustrate?

How might secondary contact result in a cline?

Host tree specificity of Rhagoletis pomonella reduces gene flow between the apple and hawthorn fly races by 4% to 6% in each generation, as individuals tend to mate with the same fruit preference. This is an example of

Hybrids with a chromosomal rearrangement often have

In the graphs shown here, what do the axes represent? Which species concept is illustrated by these graphs?

A chromosomal rearrangement that involves the splitting of chromosomes is chromosomal

The evolutionary species concept defines a species as

Why is the phylogenetic species concept criticized for delineating too many species?

Two bird species (in which females are heterogametic and males are homogametic) exhibit postzygotic isolation in that half of the hybrid offspring formed between them are sterile. If Haldane's rule applies here, then the individuals that are sterile are likely to be

You are an ornithologist in the twenty-second century studying a tropical bird species that has expanded its range from its original location in Central America to where it currently exists on either side of the Rocky Mountains in North America. This range expansion is a result of a warming climate dating back to the late twentieth century. As you conduct population censuses, you realize there are phenotypic differences between populations located on the eastern and western sides of the range. You hypothesize the species has become a "ring species" as a result of the geographic isolation established by the mountains. If it was truly a ring species, what would you expect to see when you analyze the DNA of the populations and compare them to one another?

A cline is a(n)

The Midas and Arrow cichlid fish of Lake Apoyo appear to have speciated after a single colonization event, despite the lack of a geographical barrier in the lake to prevent the fish from continuing to interbreed as a single species. How did habitat and ecological specialization lead to speciation?

Suppose that we find an example of the peripheral isolate model of allopatric speciation in which a species pair results. One species is the progenitor and one is the derivative species. How will these two species differ in geographical distribution, genetic diversity, and allele sharing?

Parapatric speciation and sympatric speciation both describe how populations diverge into separate species without a geographic barrier to dispersal. What distinguishes these two modes of speciation?