Question 1

What are the irrelevant speech and phonological similarity effects, and how do they help us understand how working memory works?

Accepted Answer

The irrelevant speech effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of irrelevant background speech or noise can disrupt a person's ability to remember and process information in working memory. This effect has been studied extensively in cognitive psychology and has been found to have a negative impact on working memory performance.

On the other hand, the phonological similarity effect refers to the difficulty people have in remembering a list of words that are phonologically similar (e.g., cat, bat, rat) compared to a list of words that are phonologically dissimilar (e.g., dog, car, pen). This effect demonstrates the importance of phonological encoding in working memory and how similar sounding information can interfere with the ability to remember and process information.

Studying these effects helps us understand how working memory works by highlighting the role of irrelevant information and phonological encoding in the process. It shows that working memory is not just a passive storage system, but rather an active process that can be influenced by external factors such as background noise and the similarity of information being processed. Understanding these effects can help researchers and psychologists develop strategies to improve working memory performance, such as minimizing distractions and using techniques to enhance phonological encoding. Overall, studying the irrelevant speech and phonological similarity effects provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of working memory and how it can be affected by various factors.

Question 2

When participants report that a circle on an incline appears lower than it actually is, the influence on working memory is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  representational gravity 
B)  representational decline 
C)  representational friction 
D)  representational deficiency 
A)  representational gravity 
B)  representational decline 
C)  representational friction 
D)  representational deficiency A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT part of Baddeley's working memory model?

Accepted Answer

A)  central executive 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  visuo-spatial sketchpad 
D)  episodic buffer 
A)  central executive 
B)  sensory memory 
C)  visuo-spatial sketchpad 
D)  episodic buffer B

Question 4

What is the importance of having an episodic buffer as part of our understanding of how working memory works?

Accepted Answer

The episodic buffer is an important comp

Question 5

What is the explanation for the articulatory suppression effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

Accepted Answer

A)  People need to be able to understand the words they are trying to remember. 
B)  The phonological store loses its capacity to retain information. 
C)  People actively inhibit an assortment of thoughts in working memory when articulating. 
D)  Constantly talking during retention consumes the resources of the articulatory loop. 
A)  People need to be able to understand the words they are trying to remember. 
B)  The phonological store loses its capacity to retain information. 
C)  People actively inhibit an assortment of thoughts in working memory when articulating. 
D)  Constantly talking during retention consumes the resources of the articulatory loop.

Question 6

The visuo-spatial sketchpad is a part of working memory that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the only part that handles perceptual information 
B)  can help a person keep track of the passage of time 
C)  is used to help a person navigate 
D)  is a slave system to the phonological loop 
A)  is the only part that handles perceptual information 
B)  can help a person keep track of the passage of time 
C)  is used to help a person navigate 
D)  is a slave system to the phonological loop

Question 7

In studies of boundary extension, participants are less likely to identify previously viewed items as "old" memories if photos are taken __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  from the same distance 
B)  from farther away 
C)  from a different angle 
D)  from a different camera 
A)  from the same distance 
B)  from farther away 
C)  from a different angle 
D)  from a different camera

Question 8

The lexicality effect is the finding that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easier to remember a list of words than non-words 
B)  more interference (forgetting) occurs when people need to remember words 
C)  familiar words are easier to remember than unfamiliar words 
D)  memories for words are accessed in a lexical fashion 
A)  it is easier to remember a list of words than non-words 
B)  more interference (forgetting) occurs when people need to remember words 
C)  familiar words are easier to remember than unfamiliar words 
D)  memories for words are accessed in a lexical fashion

Question 9

Response time _________ as the angle of mental rotation needed increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  stays the same 
C)  decreases 
D)  decreases, then increases 
A)  increases 
B)  stays the same 
C)  decreases 
D)  decreases, then increases

Question 10

In the reading span task, people are asked to __________ as the processing task and ______________as the storage task.

Accepted Answer

A)  read words; remember sentences 
B)  read sentences; remember words 
C)  read sentences; repeat them back later 
D)  read words; repeat them back later 
A)  read words; remember sentences 
B)  read sentences; remember words 
C)  read sentences; repeat them back later 
D)  read words; repeat them back later

Question 11

Representational momentum does NOT appear to be affected by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  apparent speed 
B)  gravity 
C)  memory span 
D)  context 
A)  apparent speed 
B)  gravity 
C)  memory span 
D)  context

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a dynamic memory effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  representational gravity 
B)  representational acceleration 
C)  representational friction 
D)  representational momentum 
A)  representational gravity 
B)  representational acceleration 
C)  representational friction 
D)  representational momentum

Question 13

The articulatory suppression effect is the finding that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  words that are hard to say will be remembered more poorly 
B)  speaking while trying to remember a set of words will result in more forgetting 
C)  forgetting occurs in short-term memory due to a suppression process 
D)  verbal information primarily uses resources from the phonological loop 
A)  words that are hard to say will be remembered more poorly 
B)  speaking while trying to remember a set of words will result in more forgetting 
C)  forgetting occurs in short-term memory due to a suppression process 
D)  verbal information primarily uses resources from the phonological loop

Question 14

What is the explanation for the irrelevant speech effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constantly talking during retention consumes the resources of the articulatory loop. 
B)  People automatically activate word meaning when they process words in working memory, thereby affecting short-term retention. 
C)  Additional irrelevant information consumes phonological loop resources that then cannot be dedicated to remembering the appropriate information. 
D)  This mechanism proposes a problem for this theory, because the theory cannot account for the effect. 
A)  Constantly talking during retention consumes the resources of the articulatory loop. 
B)  People automatically activate word meaning when they process words in working memory, thereby affecting short-term retention. 
C)  Additional irrelevant information consumes phonological loop resources that then cannot be dedicated to remembering the appropriate information. 
D)  This mechanism proposes a problem for this theory, because the theory cannot account for the effect.

Question 15

What parts of the brain are associated with the different components of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory, a key component of execu

Question 16

According to the word length effect, what is the primary barrier to recall in the articulatory loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of syllables in a word 
B)  the number of letters in a word 
C)  the length of time it takes to say a word (articulation duration) 
D)  the intelligence of the person attempting to recall information 
A)  the number of syllables in a word 
B)  the number of letters in a word 
C)  the length of time it takes to say a word (articulation duration) 
D)  the intelligence of the person attempting to recall information

Question 17

What are the four main components of Baddeley's model of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Baddeley's model of working memory, init

Question 18

Larger working memory capacity can sometimes hurt performance when it comes to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  forming large chunks of information 
B)  experiencing mental set with simple problems 
C)  a need to form only small chunks of information 
D)  experiencing mental set with complex problems
Short Answers 
A)  forming large chunks of information 
B)  experiencing mental set with simple problems 
C)  a need to form only small chunks of information 
D)  experiencing mental set with complex problems
Short Answers

Question 19

The part of the brain generally associated with processing of the central executive is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal lobes 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  occipital lobes 
D)  frontal lobes 
A)  temporal lobes 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  occipital lobes 
D)  frontal lobes

Question 20

Which of the following would be an example of a simple span task?

Accepted Answer

A)  digit span 
B)  sentence span 
C)  operation span 
D)  comprehension span 
A)  digit span 
B)  sentence span 
C)  operation span 
D)  comprehension span

What are the irrelevant speech and phonological similarity effects, and how do they help us understand how working memory works?

When participants report that a circle on an incline appears lower than it actually is, the influence on working memory is called __________.

Which of the following is NOT part of Baddeley's working memory model?

What is the importance of having an episodic buffer as part of our understanding of how working memory works?

What is the explanation for the articulatory suppression effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

The visuo-spatial sketchpad is a part of working memory that __________.

In studies of boundary extension, participants are less likely to identify previously viewed items as "old" memories if photos are taken __________.

The lexicality effect is the finding that __________.

Response time _________ as the angle of mental rotation needed increases.

In the reading span task, people are asked to as the processing task and ____as the storage task.

Representational momentum does NOT appear to be affected by __________.

Which of the following is NOT a dynamic memory effect?

The articulatory suppression effect is the finding that __________.

What is the explanation for the irrelevant speech effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

What parts of the brain are associated with the different components of working memory?

According to the word length effect, what is the primary barrier to recall in the articulatory loop?

What are the four main components of Baddeley's model of working memory?

Larger working memory capacity can sometimes hurt performance when it comes to __________.

The part of the brain generally associated with processing of the central executive is the __________.

Which of the following would be an example of a simple span task?

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Memory and the Law

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

Exam 5: Working Memory

What are the irrelevant speech and phonological similarity effects, and how do they help us understand how working memory works?

When participants report that a circle on an incline appears lower than it actually is, the influence on working memory is called __________.

Which of the following is NOT part of Baddeley's working memory model?

What is the importance of having an episodic buffer as part of our understanding of how working memory works?

What is the explanation for the articulatory suppression effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

The visuo-spatial sketchpad is a part of working memory that __________.

In studies of boundary extension, participants are less likely to identify previously viewed items as "old" memories if photos are taken __________.

The lexicality effect is the finding that __________.

Response time _________ as the angle of mental rotation needed increases.

In the reading span task, people are asked to __________ as the processing task and ______________as the storage task.

Representational momentum does NOT appear to be affected by __________.

Which of the following is NOT a dynamic memory effect?

The articulatory suppression effect is the finding that __________.

What is the explanation for the irrelevant speech effect, assuming a phonological loop like that described by Baddeley's model?

What parts of the brain are associated with the different components of working memory?

According to the word length effect, what is the primary barrier to recall in the articulatory loop?

What are the four main components of Baddeley's model of working memory?

Larger working memory capacity can sometimes hurt performance when it comes to __________.

The part of the brain generally associated with processing of the central executive is the __________.

Which of the following would be an example of a simple span task?

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Memory and the Law

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

In the reading span task, people are asked to as the processing task and ____as the storage task.