Question 1

Which of the following would NOT increase eyewitness confidence after an identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other witnesses confirm the identification. 
B)  The witness is given positive feedback after the identification. 
C)  The question is asked more often. 
D)  The witness is told to keep trying hard to remember. 
A)  Other witnesses confirm the identification. 
B)  The witness is given positive feedback after the identification. 
C)  The question is asked more often. 
D)  The witness is told to keep trying hard to remember. D

Question 2

The idea that eyewitness memory reports may reflect incomplete memory traces is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  memory change theory 
B)  response bias 
C) source monitoring failure 
D)  fragmented memory cues 
A)  memory change theory 
B)  response bias 
C) source monitoring failure 
D)  fragmented memory cues C

Question 3

Which theory of memory and emotion suggests that all memory performance declines at high levels of arousal?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis 
A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis A

Question 4

Post-identification feedback can influence __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  accuracy of reported information 
B)  strength of memory trace 
C)  eyewitness confidence 
D)  jury bias 
A)  accuracy of reported information 
B)  strength of memory trace 
C)  eyewitness confidence 
D)  jury bias

Question 5

Allowing witnesses to finish their accounts during the cognitive interview (i.e., not interrupting them) allows for what?

Accepted Answer

A)  different retrieval routes 
B)  set retrieval plan 
C)  response bias 
D)  more weakly encoded memories to emerge 
A)  different retrieval routes 
B)  set retrieval plan 
C)  response bias 
D)  more weakly encoded memories to emerge

Question 6

During a jury trial, when jurors are told to disregard information that was heard because it referred to a different case, jurors are likely to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  still be influenced by it, both consciously and unconsciously 
B)  still be influenced by it, but only unconsciously 
C)  successfully disregard it 
D)  become confused and create false memories 
A)  still be influenced by it, both consciously and unconsciously 
B)  still be influenced by it, but only unconsciously 
C)  successfully disregard it 
D)  become confused and create false memories

Question 7

What is one way that a juror's decision can be affected by how memory operates?

Accepted Answer

One way that a juror's decision can be a

Question 8

Which is NOT true about memory coexistence theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Misleading information obscures the original memory because it is more recent. 
B)  Misleading information replaces the original, which is permanently lost. 
C)  Memory is better when the original context is reinstated. 
D)  Memory is better if people are warned of misleading information before a test. 
A)  Misleading information obscures the original memory because it is more recent. 
B)  Misleading information replaces the original, which is permanently lost. 
C)  Memory is better when the original context is reinstated. 
D)  Memory is better if people are warned of misleading information before a test.

Question 9

What is one way to ameliorate an eyewitness's memory bias during a line-up?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explicitly add "not there" to the list of acceptable responses. 
B)  Have fillers be very different from the perpetrator's description. 
C)  Have fillers be as physically homogenous and undistracting as possible. 
D)  This cannot be done. 
A)  Explicitly add "not there" to the list of acceptable responses. 
B)  Have fillers be very different from the perpetrator's description. 
C)  Have fillers be as physically homogenous and undistracting as possible. 
D)  This cannot be done.

Question 10

Which of the following is a good suggestion for improving the memory reports of a witness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encourage witnesses to take a single perspective. 
B)  Ask open-ended questions. 
C)  Have witnesses discuss the event together to reduce idiosyncratic responses. 
D)  Conduct the interview at a quick pace. 
A)  Encourage witnesses to take a single perspective. 
B)  Ask open-ended questions. 
C)  Have witnesses discuss the event together to reduce idiosyncratic responses. 
D)  Conduct the interview at a quick pace.

Question 11

The testimony of eyewitnesses can be altered in some way by the wording of a statement or question __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  very easily 
B)  never 
C)  rarely 
D)  only with some effort 
A)  very easily 
B)  never 
C)  rarely 
D)  only with some effort

Question 12

What was the name the press gave to John Dean?

Accepted Answer

A)  the human tape recorder 
B)  the un-American traitor 
C)  Mr. Mistakes 
D)  Dr. Memory 
A)  the human tape recorder 
B)  the un-American traitor 
C)  Mr. Mistakes 
D)  Dr. Memory

Question 13

According to the obscured memory theory of eyewitness memory, what is a consequence of presenting people with post-event misinformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The original memory trace is lost. 
B)  The original memory remains stronger than the misleading information. 
C)  People who remember the original information never succumb to the misinformation. 
D)  People who had previously forgotten now have something to remember. 
A)  The original memory trace is lost. 
B)  The original memory remains stronger than the misleading information. 
C)  People who remember the original information never succumb to the misinformation. 
D)  People who had previously forgotten now have something to remember.

Question 14

What is one thing that can be done to use contextual cues to help an eyewitness remember accurately, with less worry of distorting memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Have the witness talk to other witnesses. 
B)  Bring the witness back to the scene of the event. 
C)  Put the witness through a relaxation procedure. 
D)  Remind the witness about the event by telling a story about the event. 
A)  Have the witness talk to other witnesses. 
B)  Bring the witness back to the scene of the event. 
C)  Put the witness through a relaxation procedure. 
D)  Remind the witness about the event by telling a story about the event.

Question 15

What is a good way to prevent problems for witnesses when picking a bad guy out of a lineup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use fillers who resemble the suspect. 
B)  Tell the witness that the perpetrator is present. 
C)  Simultaneously present all people in the lineup. 
D)  Put additional pressure on the witness to motivate him or her to chose the right suspect. 
A)  Use fillers who resemble the suspect. 
B)  Tell the witness that the perpetrator is present. 
C)  Simultaneously present all people in the lineup. 
D)  Put additional pressure on the witness to motivate him or her to chose the right suspect.

Question 16

How easy it is to discriminate between what a witness accurately remembers and what information they have been misled about?

Accepted Answer

A)  very easy 
B)  possible, but some effort is required 
C)  extremely difficult 
D)  only possible if there is independent evidence to address the issue 
A)  very easy 
B)  possible, but some effort is required 
C)  extremely difficult 
D)  only possible if there is independent evidence to address the issue

Question 17

Eyewitnesses are more likely to overestimate the speed of a car during a car crash when asked which question?

Accepted Answer

A)  How fast were the cars going when they smashed? 
B)  How fast were the cars going when they collided? 
C)  How fast were the cars going when they hit? 
D)  How fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other? 
A)  How fast were the cars going when they smashed? 
B)  How fast were the cars going when they collided? 
C)  How fast were the cars going when they hit? 
D)  How fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?

Question 18

Eyewitnesses to a crime may have poorer memory for the perpetrator's face under what conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate arousal levels 
B)  sequential line-up 
C)  the presence of a weapon 
D)  returning to the scene of the crime 
A)  moderate arousal levels 
B)  sequential line-up 
C)  the presence of a weapon 
D)  returning to the scene of the crime

Question 19

What is the wording effect in eyewitness memory?

Accepted Answer

The wording effect in eyewitness memory

Question 20

How was John Dean's memory for the verbatim conversations he heard in the Nixon White House during the Watergate scandal?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly accurate 
B)  accurate in the gist 
C)  accurate in the details 
D)  highly inaccurate 
A)  highly accurate 
B)  accurate in the gist 
C)  accurate in the details 
D)  highly inaccurate

Which of the following would NOT increase eyewitness confidence after an identification?

The idea that eyewitness memory reports may reflect incomplete memory traces is __________.

Which theory of memory and emotion suggests that all memory performance declines at high levels of arousal?

Post-identification feedback can influence __________.

Allowing witnesses to finish their accounts during the cognitive interview (i.e., not interrupting them) allows for what?

During a jury trial, when jurors are told to disregard information that was heard because it referred to a different case, jurors are likely to __________.

What is one way that a juror's decision can be affected by how memory operates?

Which is NOT true about memory coexistence theory?

What is one way to ameliorate an eyewitness's memory bias during a line-up?

Which of the following is a good suggestion for improving the memory reports of a witness?

The testimony of eyewitnesses can be altered in some way by the wording of a statement or question __________.

What was the name the press gave to John Dean?

According to the obscured memory theory of eyewitness memory, what is a consequence of presenting people with post-event misinformation?

What is one thing that can be done to use contextual cues to help an eyewitness remember accurately, with less worry of distorting memory?

What is a good way to prevent problems for witnesses when picking a bad guy out of a lineup?

How easy it is to discriminate between what a witness accurately remembers and what information they have been misled about?

Eyewitnesses are more likely to overestimate the speed of a car during a car crash when asked which question?

Eyewitnesses to a crime may have poorer memory for the perpetrator's face under what conditions?

What is the wording effect in eyewitness memory?

How was John Dean's memory for the verbatim conversations he heard in the Nixon White House during the Watergate scandal?

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

Exam 13: Memory and the Law

Which of the following would NOT increase eyewitness confidence after an identification?

The idea that eyewitness memory reports may reflect incomplete memory traces is __________.

Which theory of memory and emotion suggests that all memory performance declines at high levels of arousal?

Post-identification feedback can influence __________.

Allowing witnesses to finish their accounts during the cognitive interview (i.e., not interrupting them) allows for what?

During a jury trial, when jurors are told to disregard information that was heard because it referred to a different case, jurors are likely to __________.

What is one way that a juror's decision can be affected by how memory operates?

Which is NOT true about memory coexistence theory?

What is one way to ameliorate an eyewitness's memory bias during a line-up?

Which of the following is a good suggestion for improving the memory reports of a witness?

The testimony of eyewitnesses can be altered in some way by the wording of a statement or question __________.

What was the name the press gave to John Dean?

According to the obscured memory theory of eyewitness memory, what is a consequence of presenting people with post-event misinformation?

What is one thing that can be done to use contextual cues to help an eyewitness remember accurately, with less worry of distorting memory?

What is a good way to prevent problems for witnesses when picking a bad guy out of a lineup?

How easy it is to discriminate between what a witness accurately remembers and what information they have been misled about?

Eyewitnesses are more likely to overestimate the speed of a car during a car crash when asked which question?

Eyewitnesses to a crime may have poorer memory for the perpetrator's face under what conditions?

What is the wording effect in eyewitness memory?

How was John Dean's memory for the verbatim conversations he heard in the Nixon White House during the Watergate scandal?

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters