Question 1

The weapon focus effect refers to the finding that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  memory for weapons is usually the focus of leading questions 
B)  attention is usually drawn towards a weapon 
C)  eyewitnesses usually later spend much of their time talking about the weapon 
D)  none of the above 
A)  memory for weapons is usually the focus of leading questions 
B)  attention is usually drawn towards a weapon 
C)  eyewitnesses usually later spend much of their time talking about the weapon 
D)  none of the above

Question 2

What sort of information is an eyewitness more likely to remember from an accident or crime under high stress levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  central information 
B)  schematically consistent information 
C)  peripheral information 
D)  schematically inconsistent information 
A)  central information 
B)  schematically consistent information 
C)  peripheral information 
D)  schematically inconsistent information

Question 3

Imagine that a witness is presented with misleading post-event information. Later, on a memory test, the person is asked to select among a set of options. The item that the witness is misled about is not among the options on this memory test. In this case, relative to control condition, performance in this mislead condition is likely to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  better 
B)  the same 
C)  worse 
D)  more variable 
A)  better 
B)  the same 
C)  worse 
D)  more variable

Question 4

The decisions of jurors tend to be more influenced by what memory phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  primacy effect 
B)  recency effect 
C)  hypermnesia 
D)  reminiscence
Short Answers 
A)  primacy effect 
B)  recency effect 
C)  hypermnesia 
D)  reminiscence
Short Answers

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cognitive interview for questioning witnesses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Present the witness with an overview of the event. 
B)  Reinstate the context in some way. 
C)  Don't interrupt the witness. 
D)  Encourage the witness to take multiple perspectives. 
A)  Present the witness with an overview of the event. 
B)  Reinstate the context in some way. 
C)  Don't interrupt the witness. 
D)  Encourage the witness to take multiple perspectives.

Question 6

What is the best way to conduct a line-up, according to the principles of memory?

Accepted Answer

The best way to conduct a line-up, in ac

Question 7

If a person absorbs false information after an event and later has trouble distinguishing it from true information, this is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  misleading post-event information 
B)  arousal influences 
C)  verbal overshadowing 
D)  revelation effects 
A)  misleading post-event information 
B)  arousal influences 
C)  verbal overshadowing 
D)  revelation effects

Question 8

Which of the following is related to arousal levels and eyewitness memory performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  misleading information 
B)  weapon focus effect 
C)  line-up identification procedures 
D)  whether the witness is in the same context 
A)  misleading information 
B)  weapon focus effect 
C)  line-up identification procedures 
D)  whether the witness is in the same context

Question 9

A principle that some witnesses might implicitly use when making an identification from a line-up is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute identification 
B)  conformity heuristic 
C)  relative judgment 
D)  availability 
A)  absolute identification 
B)  conformity heuristic 
C)  relative judgment 
D)  availability

Question 10

High levels of arousal are associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased peripheral memory accuracy 
B)  decreased peripheral memory 
C)  decreased central memory accuracy 
D)  increased overall accuracy 
A)  increased peripheral memory accuracy 
B)  decreased peripheral memory 
C)  decreased central memory accuracy 
D)  increased overall accuracy

Question 11

What theory of memory performance and emotion is most in line with the weapon focus effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis 
A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis

Question 12

Eyewitness identification is more accurate under what line-up presentation conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  simultaneous 
B)  either simultaneous or sequential 
C)  sequential 
D)  neither simultaneous nor sequential 
A)  simultaneous 
B)  either simultaneous or sequential 
C)  sequential 
D)  neither simultaneous nor sequential

Question 13

How much can wording change an eyewitness's memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  completely 
B)  significantly 
C)  minimally 
D)  not at all 
A)  completely 
B)  significantly 
C)  minimally 
D)  not at all

Question 14

What sort of memory bias can occur when mug shots are used to identify a perpetrator?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the witness picks an incorrect person initially, their memory for the actual perpetrator will be worse later. 
B)  People will tend to remember the perpetrator's face as it looked in the mug shot, not as it looked during the event. 
C)  People grow fatigued looking at large numbers of mug shots, and their memory worsens. 
D)  Looking at mug shots lowers the confidence people have in their memories. 
A)  If the witness picks an incorrect person initially, their memory for the actual perpetrator will be worse later. 
B)  People will tend to remember the perpetrator's face as it looked in the mug shot, not as it looked during the event. 
C)  People grow fatigued looking at large numbers of mug shots, and their memory worsens. 
D)  Looking at mug shots lowers the confidence people have in their memories.

Question 15

If this is present at the scene of a crime, it can pull attention from other central details.

Accepted Answer

A)  police 
B)  an escape route 
C)  a loved one 
D)  a weapon 
A)  police 
B)  an escape route 
C)  a loved one 
D)  a weapon

Question 16

The correlation between eyewitness confidence and memory accuracy is about __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  -.45 
B)  .30 
C)  .05 
D)  .75 
A)  -.45 
B)  .30 
C)  .05 
D)  .75

Question 17

Eyewitness memory reports __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are robust 
B) can be influenced by small wording changes 
C)  are context dependent 
D)  are best elicited under hypnosis 
A)  are robust 
B) can be influenced by small wording changes 
C)  are context dependent 
D)  are best elicited under hypnosis

Question 18

The influence of arousal on eyewitness memory is best described by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis 
A)  the Yerkes-Dodson Law 
B)  the Caldorn proposal 
C)  the Ebbinghaus curve 
D)  the Easterbrook hypothesis

Question 19

What is it called when an eyewitness mistakenly identifies an innocent bystander as the perpetrator?

Accepted Answer

A)  misleading post-event information 
B)  memory bias shift 
C)  inappropriate overconfidence 
D)  unconscious transference 
A)  misleading post-event information 
B)  memory bias shift 
C)  inappropriate overconfidence 
D)  unconscious transference

Question 20

Juries are more likely to be inappropriately influenced by information if __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are told to forget it because the judge said so 
B)  they are told to forget it because it was inappropriately revealed 
C)  they are told to forget it because it refers to a different person 
D)  they are told to remember it even if it is a trivial detail 
A)  they are told to forget it because the judge said so 
B)  they are told to forget it because it was inappropriately revealed 
C)  they are told to forget it because it refers to a different person 
D)  they are told to remember it even if it is a trivial detail

The weapon focus effect refers to the finding that __________.

What sort of information is an eyewitness more likely to remember from an accident or crime under high stress levels?

The decisions of jurors tend to be more influenced by what memory phenomenon?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cognitive interview for questioning witnesses?

What is the best way to conduct a line-up, according to the principles of memory?

If a person absorbs false information after an event and later has trouble distinguishing it from true information, this is an example of __________.

Which of the following is related to arousal levels and eyewitness memory performance?

A principle that some witnesses might implicitly use when making an identification from a line-up is __________.

High levels of arousal are associated with __________.

What theory of memory performance and emotion is most in line with the weapon focus effect?

Eyewitness identification is more accurate under what line-up presentation conditions?

How much can wording change an eyewitness's memory?

What sort of memory bias can occur when mug shots are used to identify a perpetrator?

If this is present at the scene of a crime, it can pull attention from other central details.

The correlation between eyewitness confidence and memory accuracy is about __________.

Eyewitness memory reports __________.

The influence of arousal on eyewitness memory is best described by __________.

What is it called when an eyewitness mistakenly identifies an innocent bystander as the perpetrator?

Juries are more likely to be inappropriately influenced by information if __________.

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

Exam 13: Memory and the Law

The weapon focus effect refers to the finding that __________.

What sort of information is an eyewitness more likely to remember from an accident or crime under high stress levels?

The decisions of jurors tend to be more influenced by what memory phenomenon?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cognitive interview for questioning witnesses?

What is the best way to conduct a line-up, according to the principles of memory?

If a person absorbs false information after an event and later has trouble distinguishing it from true information, this is an example of __________.

Which of the following is related to arousal levels and eyewitness memory performance?

A principle that some witnesses might implicitly use when making an identification from a line-up is __________.

High levels of arousal are associated with __________.

What theory of memory performance and emotion is most in line with the weapon focus effect?

Eyewitness identification is more accurate under what line-up presentation conditions?

How much can wording change an eyewitness's memory?

What sort of memory bias can occur when mug shots are used to identify a perpetrator?

If this is present at the scene of a crime, it can pull attention from other central details.

The correlation between eyewitness confidence and memory accuracy is about __________.

Eyewitness memory reports __________.

The influence of arousal on eyewitness memory is best described by __________.

What is it called when an eyewitness mistakenly identifies an innocent bystander as the perpetrator?

Juries are more likely to be inappropriately influenced by information if __________.

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Semantic Memory

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters